Egypt – Jupiter Broadcasting https://www.jupiterbroadcasting.com Open Source Entertainment, on Demand. Mon, 22 Feb 2016 02:46:59 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=5.5.3 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/cropped-favicon-32x32.png Egypt – Jupiter Broadcasting https://www.jupiterbroadcasting.com 32 32 The ISIS Swindle | Unfilter 134 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/77612/the-isis-swindle-unfilter-134/ Wed, 18 Feb 2015 23:16:24 +0000 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/?p=77612 We challenge the premise behind the ISIS beheading videos & look at the possible reasons western governments are using these videos are a pretext for war. Why Egyptian jets are bombing in Libya & the US puts weaponized drones up for sale. Plus the major “cyber heist” that’s making news & a lot more! Direct […]

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We challenge the premise behind the ISIS beheading videos & look at the possible reasons western governments are using these videos are a pretext for war. Why Egyptian jets are bombing in Libya & the US puts weaponized drones up for sale.

Plus the major “cyber heist” that’s making news & a lot more!

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Foo

Show Notes:

NEWS

New agency to sniff out threats in cyberspace – The Washington Post

The Obama administration is establishing a new agency to combat the deepening threat from cyberattacks, and its mission will be to fuse intelligence from around the government when a crisis occurs.

The agency is modeled after the National Counterterrorism Center, which was launched in the wake of the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks amid criticism that the government failed to share intelligence that could have unraveled the al-Qaeda plot.

Over the past several years, a series of significant cyber-incidents has affected U.S. companies and government networks, increasing the profile of the threat for policymakers and industries. Disruptions, linked to Iran, of major bank Web sites, a Russian intrusion into the White House’s unclassified computer networkand the North Korean hack of Sony Pictures have raised the specter of devastating consequences if critical infrastructure were destroyed.

ISIS

Moderate Syrian rebels ‘to be given power to call in US air strikes’ – Telegraph

Totes Rebles

US and Turkey close to agreeing deal on training opposition forces while
details emerge of plan to arm rebel units with pick-up trucks equipped with
machine guns

Egyptian jets bomb Libya after jihadists behead 21 Copts | The Times of Israel

Cairo targets Islamic State weapons caches and training camps ‘to avenge bloodshed’ of slain Christians; Libyan planes hit city taken over by Islamists

High-Note

Federal Study: Marijuana Use Doesn’t Increase Auto Crash Rates

After the legalization of marijuana in multiple states around the U.S., many are worried about a corresponding uptick in car crashes as people drive while under the influence of pot. But according to a new federal study (PDF) commissioned by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, those fears seem unfounded. They report that after adjusting for other factors (people who tend to drive after using marijuana also tend to be more crash-prone in general), there was no statistically significant increase in crash rates by drivers who tested positive for the drug. It’s still a bad idea to drive high, but driving drunk is far, far worse: “One substance was shown to have a major influence on crashes: alcohol. The study confirmed the enormous danger of drinking and driving, even after age and sex adjustment: drivers with a 0.05% blood-alcohol level were found to be twice as likely to be in a crash. For a person weighing 180 to 190 pounds, that could be a single can of beer, glass of wine, or shot of liquor. At 0.08% (two drinks), the likelihood is quadrupled, and at .20% (four drinks or more), the risk is higher by 23 times.”

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75% of the Internet | Unfilter 64 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/41992/75-of-the-internet-unfilter-64/ Wed, 21 Aug 2013 21:13:03 +0000 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/?p=41992 How the NSA collects nearly 75% of all US Internet traffic, and the internal audits that reveal mistakes in US citizen's data collection.

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Declassified documents today reveal the NSA has intentionally abused their surveillance program, and retained data on US citizens despite a court order. All this as more details emerge about how the NSA collects nearly 75% of all US Internet traffic

David Miranda Glenn Greenwald’s partner was held for nine hours under an Orwellian anti-terrorism law. They confiscated his equipment, and questioned him about the Guardian’s reporting of the Snowden Leaks.

Plus we follow the money in Egypt, your feedback, and much much more.

On this week’s Unfilter.

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— Show Notes —


Glenn Greenwald’s partner detained at Heathrow airport for nine hours

The 28-year-old was held for nine hours, the maximum the law allows before officers must release or formally arrest the individual. According to official figures, most examinations under schedule 7 – over 97% – last less than an hour, and only one in 2,000 people detained are kept for more than six hours.

Miranda was released, but officials confiscated electronics equipment including his mobile phone, laptop, camera, memory sticks, DVDs and games consoles.

The London law firm Bindmans will present Miranda’s case for the injunction before two high court judges, arguing that the Metropolitan police misused schedule 7 of the Terrorism Act 2000.

More than two months after documents leaked by former contractor Edward Snowden first began appearing in the news media, the National Security Agency still doesn’t know the full extent of what he took, according to intelligence community sources, and is “overwhelmed” trying to assess the damage.


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NSA is CRAZY

The system has the capacity to reach roughly 75% of all U.S. Internet traffic in the hunt for foreign intelligence, including a wide array of communications by foreigners and Americans. In some cases, it retains the written content of emails sent between citizens within the U.S. and also filters domestic phone calls made with Internet technology

The 86-page opinion, which was declassified by U.S. intelligence officials Wednesday, explains why the chief judge of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court ruled the collection method unconstitutional. The judge, John D. Bates, found that the government had “advised the court that the volume and nature of the information it has been collecting is fundamentally different from what the court had been led to believe.”

Under the program, the NSA for three years diverted large volumes of international data passing through fiber-optic cables in the United States into a repository where the material could be stored temporarily for processing and for the selection of foreign communications, rather than domestic ones. But in practice, the NSA was unable to filter out the communications between Americans.

According to NSA estimates, the agency may have been collecting as many as 56,000 “wholly domestic” communications each year.


Bradley Manning Gets 35

Wednesday morning and was sentenced to 35 years in prison for leaking hundreds of thousands of classified documents to the anti-secrecy group WikiLeaks.

Manning, who could have been sentenced to 90 years, stood at attention and showed no emotion as the military judge, Army Col. Denise Lind, delivered the sentence. As soon as Lind left the bench, Army guards quickly rushed Manning out of the courtroom.

“We’ll keep fighting for you Bradley!” shouted half a dozen Manning supporters among the 45 spectators in the courtroom. “You’re our hero!”

That short scene, lasting no more than two minutes, ended more than three years of legal jousting and a summer-long court-martial that highlighted the growing national debate about government secrecy.

“It’s more than 17 times the next longest sentence ever served” for providing secret material to the media, Goitein said. “It is in line with sentences for paid espionage for the enemy.”


Following the Money Flowing to Egypt

The money is deposited into an account at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, which Egypt can access to make payments on long-term contracts it signs with defense companies. The U.S. government is a co-signer on the contracts, guaranteeing the payments will be made. If aid to Egypt is suspended, the U.S. government could still be responsible for the deals Egypt has made so far, according to a Congressional Research Service report.

Since July 3, the Israeli government has lobbied U.S. officials not to cut off aid to Egypt.

US defense contractors profiting from military aid to Egypt

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In NSA We Trust | Unfilter 61 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/41037/in-nsa-we-trust-unfilter-61/ Wed, 31 Jul 2013 22:21:43 +0000 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/?p=41037 XKeyscore has been exposed in a newly released presentation giving us a better picture of the system said to hold a three day buffer of all Internet activity.

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A diagram that literally puts the NSA’s world wide spying system on the map has been exposed in a newly released presentation giving us a better picture of the surveillance system that is said to hold a three day buffer of all Internet activity.

Plus: An update on Bradley Manning, the Obama Administration pledges not to torture Snowden, and the US continues to dance around that big problem in Egypt.

Then it’s your feedback, our follow up, and much much more…

On this week’s Unfilter.

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— Show Notes —


Violence in Egypt Over the Weekend

A coalition of human rights liberals and conservatives opposed to foreign aid is gaining strength. In mid-July, Senate Republicans John McCain and Lindsey Graham, two party leaders on foreign policy, called canceling military aid “right and necessary.” Though, Graham said Tuesday he’s reserving final judgment until he and McCain return next week from a trip to Egypt at President Obama’s behest.


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In a twist that television industry gawkers immediately homed in on, the victory was shared by Ms. Sawyer and one of her regular fill-ins, David Muir. That was because Mr. Muir substituted for Ms. Sawyer three nights last week — the same three nights, it turned out, that ABC beat NBC in the all-important ratings demographic. Mr. Williams prevailed, barely, on the two nights that Ms. Sawyer was at work.

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Manning Not Aiding the Enemy – Faces Years in Prison

A military judge on Tuesday found U.S. soldier Bradley Manning not guilty of aiding the enemy, the most serious charge he faced for handing over documents to WikiLeaks, but he still likely faces a long jail term after being found guilty of 19 other counts.

One of Manning’s most visible supporters was banned from the trial Friday after the judge said someone posted threats online. Clark Stoeckley, a college art instructor from New Jersey, confirmed he was the one booted.

Stoeckley attended the court-martial as a sketch artist, arriving each day in a white box truck with bold words painted on the sides: “WikiLeaks TOP SECRET Mobile Information Collection Unit.”

A tweet Thursday night from an account Stoeckley used said: “I don’t know how they sleep at night but I do know where.” It was removed Friday and Stoeckley told The Associated Press on Twitter he couldn’t comment.

During Bradley Manning’s trial in Fort Meade, Maryland, many of the soldier’s supporters showed up during the trial to back the whistleblower for revealing one of the biggest data leaks in US history, but last Friday Clark Stoeckley, courtroom sketch artist, was banned for one of his tweets.

NSA is Crazy

From Greenwald:

XKeyscore provides the technological capability, if not the legal authority, to target even US persons for extensive electronic surveillance without a warrant provided that some identifying information, such as their email or IP address, is known to the analyst.

Furthermore, Greenwald reports that analysts can use XKeyscore and other NSA systems “to obtain ongoing ‘real-time’ interception of an individual’s internet activity.”

Training materials for the XKeyscore program detail how analysts can use it and other systems to mine enormous agency databases and develop intelligence from the web

Some highlights:

“Performs strong (e.g. email) and soft (content) selection.” pg 2

“Provides real-time target activity.” pg 2

“Show me all the VPN startups in country X, and give me the data so I can decrypt and discover the users” pg 17

“Show me all the exploitable machines in country X” pg 24

According to one of the 11 judges that sits on the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC), no corporation ever served with a “business record” court order under the Patriot Act has ever challenged one, even though the law provides them a means to do so.

Sen. Ron Wyden said Tuesday that U.S. intelligence agencies’ violations of court orders on surveillance of Americans is worse than the government is letting on.

Wyden (D-Ore.), as a member of the Senate Intelligence Committee, is privy to classified briefings on the government’s surveillance. On Tuesday, he told Andrea Mitchell on MSNBC that all he could say is that the violations are worse than being made public.

• XKeyscore gives ‘widest-reaching’ collection of online data
• NSA analysts require no prior authorization for searches
• Sweeps up emails, social media activity and browsing history
NSA’s XKeyscore program – read one of the presentations

United States Representative Mike Rogers serves as the Chairman of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. The Committee is the House’s primary panel responsible for authorizing the funding for and overseeing the execution of the intelligence activities of the United States government.

General Keith Alexander Visits Black Hat

Alexander’s talk had begun with a plea for the hacker and security researcher community to reconsider the NSA’s role in the wake of a still-unfolding scandal revealed by the classified leaks of former Booz Allen contractor Edward Snowden. “Their reputation has been tarnished,” he said, speaking of his NSA staff. “But you can help us articulate the facts properly. I will answer every question to the fullest extent possible, and I promise you the truth: What I know, what we’re doing, and what I cannot tell you because we don’t want to jeopardize the future of our defense.”

After the talk, I found McCoy in the crowd and asked him about his not-so-friendly debate with the general. “His speech was pretty canned,” said McCoy. “It’s anything you can see on Fox News any day. We’re in danger, we have to get rid of your freedom to keep you safe.”

“Everyone’s thinking this, but no one’s saying it public, so everyone thinks they’re alone,” he said. “Ninety-eight percent of society has issues with this…But no one speaks up.”

He attempted to reassure a skeptical audience by saying “our people have to take courses and pass exams to use this data.” Data from the interception programs has “provided value” across some 53 “terror-related activities” detected by the NSA.


Where in the World is Snowden

In a letter sent this week, US attorney general Eric Holder told his Russian counterpart that the charges faced by Snowden do not carry the death penalty. Holder added that the US “would not seek the death penalty even if Mr Snowden were charged with additional, death penalty-eligible crimes”.

Holder said he had sent the letter, addressed to Alexander Vladimirovich, Russia’s minister of justice, in response to reports that Snowden had applied for temporary asylum in Russia “on the grounds that if he were returned to the United States, he would be tortured and would face the death penalty”.

House Intelligence Committee Chairman Mike Rogers (R-Mich.) said Sunday that Edward Snowden’s actions defy logic.

By granting NSA leaker Edward Snowden temporary asylum, Russia is giving itself time to figure out what their best move is, the chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee said Sunday.

What has happened to NSA whistleblower who leaked files to Guardian since he decided to reveal his identity to the world and began his asylum battle


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Standing with Ed | Unfilter 58 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/40217/standing-with-ed-unfilter-58/ Wed, 10 Jul 2013 21:52:03 +0000 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/?p=40217 Latin America stands with Snowden with multiple offers of asylum, we'll bring you up to date on the hunt for Edward Snowden and discuss latest revelations.

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New leaks give us a better picture of how the NSA vacuums up your Internet traffic, and leverages their relationships with telecom companies to take what they want.

Then Latin America stands with Edward Snowden as multiple offers of asylum come in, we’ll bring you up to date on the hunt for Edward Snowden and discuss his latest revelations.

Plus on the eve of new talks with China the US is caught in another hypocritical scandal, a look at the explosive situation in Egypt, your feedback, and much much more.

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— Show Notes —


Is Broccoli-Gate The Media Having a Laugh at the Public?

The president’s answer places him in direct odds with former President George H.W. Bush, who famously declared in 1990 that he hated broccoli.

“And I haven’t liked it since I was a little kid and my mother made me eat it. And I’m president of the United States, and I’m not going to eat any more broccoli!” he said.


Egypt Headed for Civil War?

Egypt lurched into dangerous new terrain Monday as an angry and bloodied Muslim Brotherhood called for an “uprising” against the new order, and the head of Egypt’s top Islamic authority warned that the country was headed toward “civil war,” after security forces opened fire on supporters of ousted President Mohamed Morsi in the early morning hours.

Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chairman Robert Menendez (D-N.J.) on Sunday said the U.S. could use its foreign aid package for Egypt as “leverage” to push the country back to democracy, days after the military ousted elected President Mohamed Morsi.

What do we actually give to Egypt? Between 1948 and 2011, the United States has given Egypt about $71.6 billion in bilateral military and economic aid. That’s more than we’ve given to any other country over that time frame save for Israel.

A recent report (pdf) from the Congressional Research Service lays out the details. The biggest chunk is military aid, averaging about $1.3 billion per year since 1987, with much of that military equipment. For instance, Egypt plans to acquire 1,200 M1A1 Abrams Battle tanks from the United States. The components are jointly manufactured in both countries and shipped to Egypt for final assembly. This year, the United States is also shipping 20 F–16 fighter jets overseas. Plus there’s money for border security along the Sinai Peninsula.

Egypt also gets a few special financing provisions, says CRS, including the ability to deposit its funds at an interest-bearing account at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The nation also gets to engage in cash-flow financing to pay for military equipment, a special provision not available to most recipients, and one that allows Egypt to negotiate bigger arms purchases.

The Obama administration has insisted that aid to Egypt is crucial to avoiding broader problems. “A hold up of aid might contribute to the chaos that may ensue because of their collapsing economy, said Secretary of State John Kerry in January. ”Their biggest problem is a collapsing economy."

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Latest Leaks

A classified NSA slide obtained by The Washington Post and published here for the first time lists “Two Types of Collection.”

One is PRISM, the NSA program that collects information from technology companies, which was first revealed in reports by the Post and Britain’s Guardian newspaper last month. The slide also shows a separate category labeled “Upstream,” described as accessing “communications on fiber cables and infrastructure as data flows past.”

Colombia is considered a top military and diplomatic ally in the region following a decade of joint operations against Marxist rebels and drug trafficking gangs that have caused harm to both countries’ economies.

“In rejecting the acts of espionage that violate people’s rights and intimacy as well as the international conventions on telecommunication, Colombia requests the corresponding explanations from the United States government through its ambassador to Colombia,” the foreign ministry said in the statement.

A majority of U.S. registered voters
consider Edward Snowden a whistle-blower, not a traitor, and a
plurality says government anti-terrorism efforts have gone too
far in restricting civil liberties, a poll released today shows.

Fifty-five percent said Snowden was a whistle-blower in
leaking details about top-secret U.S. programs that collect
telephone and Internet data, in the survey

“The fact that there is little difference now along party lines about the overall anti-terrorism effort and civil liberties and about Snowden is in itself unusual in a country sharply divided along political lines about almost everything,”

Peter Brown, assistant director of Quinnipiac’s polling institute.

Where in the World is Snowden

In the second part of an exclusive interview with Glenn Greenwald and Laura Poitras, former NSA contractor Edward Snowden contemplates the reaction from the US government to his revelations of top-secret documents regarding its spying operations on domestic and foreign internet traffic, email and phone use. This interview was recorded in Hong Kong on 6 June 2013

Should NSA leaker Edward Snowden decide to accept Venezuela’s offer of asylum, the tricky thing will be figuring how to get there from Moscow’s Sheremetyevo Airport. His big problem is that after the strange saga of Bolivian President Evo Morales’s flight over Europe, which included an unexpected stopover in Austria where the presidential plane may have been searched, Snowden might want to avoid flying over any countries friendly to the United States.

He appears to have, generally speaking, five options, each of which carries significant risk.


Dinner with China:

US Vice President Joe Biden has urged China to end its “outright” theft through hacking and to improve human rights as the world’s two largest economies began annual strategic talks.

Treasury Secretary Lew tells Fareed Zakaria how Chinese cyber theft is different from NSA surveillance.

Citing documents leaked by Edward Snowden, the fugitive former American intelligence contractor, O Globo newspaper said the NSA programs went beyond military affairs to what it termed “commercial secrets.”

These included petroleum in Venezuela and energy in Mexico, according to a graphic O Globo identified as being from the NSA and dated February of this year.


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Obama Is Afraid Of You | Unfilter 57 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/39822/obama-is-afraid-of-you-unfilter-57/ Wed, 03 Jul 2013 18:13:58 +0000 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/?p=39822 Obama shrugged him off, but this week the Administrations actions spoke louder than their words as their hunt for Edward Snowden intensified.

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Obama shrugged him off, calling him some 29 year old hacker. But this week the Administrations actions spoke louder than their words. Their hunt for Edward Snowden intensifies as they twist the arm of Vladimir Putin, ground the jet of the Bolivian president, and placing frantic calls to nation leaders around the world.

We’ll bring you up to date on the twists and turns in hunt for Snowden, analyze the latest leaks, and discuss why some of America’s allies are very angry.

Then we’ll cover the historic showdown in Egypt as millions take to the street, your feedback, and much much more.

On this week’s Unfilter.

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— Show Notes —


Germany, France outraged by US ‘Cold War’ spying web

The report, carried by Germany’s Der Spiegel magazine, cites a secret 2010 document alleging that the US spied on EU offices in New York and Washington.

Europe’s reeling from revelations that its leaders and citizens have been targeted by U.S. wiretapping and mass surveillance. That information was leaked to the German media – and the American ambassador there has been summoned for an explanation. RT is joined by Lizzie Phelan, newsroom chief at RT’s video agency in Berlin, Ruptly. RT is also joined by French journalist and blogger Jean Marc Manach.

“The documents prove that Germany played a central role in the NSA’s global surveillance network – and how the Germans have also become targets of U.S. attacks,” Der Spiegel reported. “Each month, the U.S. intelligence service saves data from around half a billion communications connections from Germany.”

France wants to delay the ‘biggest bilateral trade deal in history’ by 2 weeks after learning the USA was allegedly tracking economic communications of EU member states. But Germany says they should go ahead as planned.

At Tuesday’s press conference in the capital Quito, minister Patino said that the hidden listening device was found during a regular security check by the Ecuadorian intelligence for the Ecuadorian embassy in the UK on June 16.

The microphone was found in the office of the ambassador Ana Alban.

“We immediately conducted an investigation to find the source and I will release our result at tomorrow’s press conference including the source of the device, who was using it and which department installed it”, Patino told reporters.


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Where in the World is Snowden

Vice President Biden has asked Ecuador to turn down an asylum request from National Security Agency leaker Edward Snowden, the country’s president said Saturday.

Rafael Correa said he had a “friendly and very cordial” conversation with Biden, and told the vice president that Ecuador hadn’t sought to be put in the situation of deciding whether to harbor an American fugitive. Correa said Ecuador can’t consider the asylum request until Snowden is on Ecuadorean soil.

White House officials have said in recent days that in their contacts with foreign governments about Mr. Snowden, they have warned those governments about the felony charges that Mr. Snowden faced in the United States and urged that they not further aid his international flight.

France and Portugal accused of refusing entry to their airspace, while plane lands in Vienna with no sign of Snowden

Guardian editors Alan Rusbridger and Janine Gibson on Edward Snowden and the NSA leaks


Showdown: Egypt

CAIRO – Egyptian military leaders on Wednesday said they were suspending the constitution, and they replaced President Mohamed Morsi with the head of the nation’s constitutional court.

The Egyptian military released new images taken from the skies above Cairo during this weekend’s huge anti-government protests. Hundreds of thousands of protesters can be seen gathered at Tahrir Square and the Ittihadiya presidential palace. (July 2)


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“Show all mail to supv” — supervisor — “for copying prior to going out on the street,” read the card. It included Mr. Pickering’s name, address and the type of mail that needed to be monitored. The word “confidential” was highlighted in green.

About 30 RCMP officers set up a blockade at the checkpoint, preventing 50 residents from walking into the town. Dozens more police cars, lights on, could be seen lining streets in the town on standby.

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Exoplanet & Bee Venom | SciByte 86 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/33896/exoplanet-bee-venom-scibyte-86/ Tue, 19 Mar 2013 20:47:03 +0000 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/?p=33896 We take a look at an exoplanets atmosphere, HIV killing bee venom, ancient sundials, viewer feedback, and much more!

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We take a look at an exoplanets atmosphere, HIV killing bee venom, ancient sundials, viewer feedback, spacecraft updates, Curiosity news, and as always take a peek back into history and up in the sky this week.

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Show Notes:

Exoplanet Atmosphere

  • A team led by an astrophysicist at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, has found hints of ammonia, methane, carbon dioxide and acetylene in an exo-planets’ atmosphere in the sharpest spectrum ever obtained of an extrasolar planet
  • Searching for Exoplanets
  • In the past, astronomers inferred the existence of exoplanets and their gases by looking for subtle changes in the light streaming from the planet’s star
  • Now, with improved instruments, a team has detected light coming directly from a planet light-years away
  • The data have high enough resolution to reveal not only the presence but the abundance of carbon monoxide and water in the planet’s atmosphere
  • Such information could shed light on how the planet formed
  • Studies could also reveal the presence of life on a distant planet, but this planet’s size and orbit have already ruled it out as a habitable world
  • The System
  • In 2008 the first image of a multi planet system outside the solar system, showing three gas giants orbiting the star HR 8799
  • The results suggest the HR 8799 system is like a scaled-up Solar System
  • HR 8799 is about 130 light-years from Earth, in the constellation Pegasus
  • The planets are scorching hot, making them bright enough for astronomers to detect directly
  • In 2010, the researchers imaged a fourth planet around HR 8799, a new study focused on one of these planets, HR 8799c.
  • HR 8799c
  • Five to 10 times as massive as Jupiter, HR 8799c sits about eight times farther away from its star than Jupiter does from the sun
  • Because of that great distance, the astronomers could block the star’s light and record infrared light
  • Even with water present on this world, it is incredibly hostile to life
  • Like Jupiter, it has no solid surface, and it has a temperature of more than a thousand degree
  • The Studies
  • Because different gases absorb and emit light in distinct ways, the team could identify carbon monoxide and water but found no methane, which scientists had thought might be present.
  • In another new study researchers simultaneously collected infrared light from the atmospheres of all four planets
  • The chemistry of each planet varies different from anything in our own solar system
  • Although the teams looked at different wavelengths of light, which pick up different types of molecules, the two studies appear consistent
  • By peering at just one planet, one team obtained more detailed data that allowed the researchers to get a sense of how much carbon and oxygen is in HR 8799c’s atmosphere
  • Knowing the ratio of carbon to oxygen in the atmosphere may reveal how the planet formed
  • Planetary Formation Theories
  • Astronomers have two competing theories of how planets arise from the disk of gas and dust encircling a young star
  • In the gravitational instability model, some of the gas and dust suddenly clumps and collapses, simultaneously creating a planet’s core and atmosphere
  • In this scenario, the chemical composition of a planet should match that of its star
  • In the other model, known as core accretion, planets are built in two-steps
  • First, material from the disk accumulates into a core, later the core captures gases swirling in the disk to form an atmosphere.
  • In this case, the carbon-to-oxygen ratio of the planet may differ from the star because the accretion of cores may deplete the disk of certain elements
  • What This Planet\’s Data Tells Us
  • Compared with its star, HR 8799c appears to have slightly more carbon relative to oxygen, suggesting the planet originated via core accretion
  • It is surmises that when the disk around HR 8799 formed, water froze into particles of ice, the bits of ice then collided to form the planet’s core, leaving behind little water vapor, and therefore less oxygen, when the planet accumulated its atmosphere later on
  • Other researchers are not convinced by this conclusion saying “We don’t really understand planetary formation enough to make a strong case either way,”
  • The Future
  • Either Way the data from both new studies may help astronomers refine their simulations of planetary formation
  • Not that astronomers have directly imaged planets around three distant stars researchers are poised to capture light from many more planets
  • Project 1640, is looking for Jupiter-sized planets around some 200 stars
  • “Ultimately, with better instruments, people will be able to use these methods on Earthlike planets.”
  • Multimedia
  • YouTube Remote Reconnaissance of Another Solar System | AMNHorg
  • Video Clip Nearby Stars with planets| AMNHorg
  • Video Clip HR 8799 System| AMNHorg
  • Further Reading / In the News
  • Exoplanet Atmospheres Provide Clues to Solar System Formation | UniverseToday.com
  • Distant planets\’ atmospheres revealed | Atom & Cosmos | ScienceNews.org

— NEWS BYTE —

Bees Against HIV

  • Nanoparticles carrying a toxin found in bee venom can destroy human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) while leaving surrounding cells unharmed
  • What it Does
  • Bee venom contains a potent toxin called melittin that can poke holes in the protective envelope that surrounds HIV, and other viruses
  • The new study shows that melittin loaded onto these nanoparticles does not harm normal cells, because added protective bumpers to the nanoparticle surface
  • When the nanoparticles come into contact with normal cells, which are much larger in size, the particles simply bounce off
  • HIV, on the other hand, is even smaller than the nanoparticle, so HIV fits between the bumpers and makes contact with the surface of the nanoparticle, where the bee toxin awaits
  • The advantage of this approach is that the nanoparticle attacks an essential part of the virus\’ structure. In contrast, most anti-HIV drugs inhibit the virus\’s ability to replicate.
  • Drawbacks
  • This anti-replication strategy does nothing to stop initial infection, and some strains of the virus have found ways around these drugs and reproduce anyway.
  • Where it does work, because it attacks the inherent physical property of HIV, theoretically, there isn\’t any way for the virus to adapt to this treatment
  • The potential for using nanoparticles with melittin as therapy for existing HIV infections, especially those that are drug-resistant
  • Other Uses
  • The hope is that in places where HIV is running rampant, people could use this gel as a preventive measure to stop the initial infection
  • Since melittin attacks double-layered membranes indiscriminately, this concept is not limited to HIV.
  • Many viruses, including hepatitis B and C, rely on the same kind of protective envelope and would be vulnerable to melittin-loaded nanoparticles
  • In addition to antiviral therapy, the paper\’s senior author has shown melittin-loaded nanoparticles to be effective in killing tumor cells.
  • Further Reading / In the News
  • Nanoparticles loaded with bee venom kill HIV | MedicalXPress.com

— TWO-BYTE NEWS —

Worlds Oldest Egyptian Sundials

  • Telling Time in Ancient Egypt
  • During archaeological excavations in the Kings\’ Valley in Upper Egypt a team of researchers found one of the world\’s oldest ancient Egyptian sundials
  • During this year\’s excavations the researchers found a flattened piece of limestone (so-called Ostracon) on which a semicircle in black color had been drawn
  • The semicircle is divided into twelve sections of about 15 degrees each.
  • A dent in the middle of the approximately 16 centimeter long horizontal baseline served to insert a wooden or metal bolt that would cast a shadow to show the hours of the day
  • Small dots in the middle of each section were used for even more detailed time measuring
  • It was found in an area of stone huts that were used in the 13th century BC to house the men working at the construction of the graves, possibly used to measure their work hours
  • The division of the sun path into hours also played a crucial role in the so-called netherworld guides that were drawn onto the walls of the royal tombs
  • These guides are illustrated texts that chronologically describe the nightly progression of the sun-god through the underworld.
  • The sundial could also have served to further visualize this phenomenon.
  • Multimedia
  • Image Ancients Egyptian sun dial | Phys.org | Credit: University of Basel
  • Further Reading / In the News
  • One of the world\’s oldest sun dial dug up in Kings\’ Valley | Phys.org

— VIEWER FEEDBACK —

ESTCube

  • Karl Sakrits
  • Estonia is sending up their first satellite, a CubeSat, made by University students to test the electric solar wind sail
  • CubeSat
  • The CubeSat standard for nanosatellites was followed during the engineering of ESTCube-1,
  • The CubeSat standard has three different sizes corresponding to size 1U, 2U and 3U. Base side lengths are the same but height is 2 to 3 times bigger than 1U CubeSats
  • Mass is also set in CubeSat standard, the highest possible mass for 1U CubeSat is 1300 grams, 2U CubeSat 2600 grams and 3U CubeSat 4000 grams
  • CubeSat base side length must be 100.0 +/- 0.1 millimeters and satellite height must be 113.5±0.1 mm
  • Purpose
  • Although its main purpose was to educate students, the satellite does have a scientific purpose.
  • On board of the satellite is an electric solar wind sail (e-sail) which was created by a Finnish scientist Pekka Janhunen, which will be the first real experimentation of the e-sail
  • Subsystems
  • ADCS – attitude determination and control system, determines and modifies satellite\’s alignment
  • CAM – onboard camera for taking pictures of the Earth and the unreeled tether
  • CDHS – command and data handling system, the satellite\’s main onboard computer
  • COM – communications system for up- and downlinks
  • EPS – electrical power system, provides electrical power for the satellite
  • PL – payload, the satellite\’s experiment module, that contains the tether and everything else related to the experiment
  • STR – satellite\’s structure
  • Solar Wind Sail
  • 10 meters of e-sail 50 to 20 micrometers thick wire of high-technology structure so-called Heytether will be deployed from the satellite.
  • The deployment of the Heytether can be detected by decrease of the satellite\’s speed of rotation or by a on-board camera
  • To control the loaded solar wind sail elements interaction with the plasma surrounding the earth and the effect it has on the spacecraft spinning speed the spacecraft has two on-board nanotechnologic electron emitters/gun
  • The electron emitters are connected to the e-sail element and by shooting out electrons it loads the e-sail element positively to 500 volts
  • The positive ions in the plasma push the e-sail element and have an influence on the satellites rotation speed
  • The effect of the e-sail is measured by the change in rotation speed
  • The camera is used to take a picture of Earth and the successfully deployed Heytether.
  • Mission
  • ESTCube-1 will be sent to orbit by the European Space Agency\’s rocket Vega in spring of 2013
  • Half an hour after the satellites deployment from the start capsule satellites antennas will be opened and radio transmitter and important subsystems will be switched on
  • The first days or weeks will be used to test the satellite and set it to work on full capacity
  • They will then orient the satellite so the on-board camera will be faced to earth so that they can try to take a picture of Estonia
  • They will rotate the satellite on an axis with a speed of 1 revolution per second
  • The E-sail element will deploy from the satellite by a centrifugal force and will confirm the deployment via the on-board camera
  • Then they will activate the electron emitter and loading the e-sail, measuring the e-sails and Lorentz force by satellites revolutions per second
  • If possible they will use the negatively charged e-sail to take the satellite off orbit and burn it in the earths atmosphere
  • Should everything go perfect the mission could be completed within a few weeks to a month
  • Communication
  • Communicating with the satellite will be held by two International Amateur Radio Unions three registered frequencies [437.250 MHz, 437.505 MHz]
  • The maximum possible connection speed is 19,200 bits per second, only to be used when the satellite has been given a specific order
  • Important satellite parameters will be transmitted every 3 to 5 minutes, and periodic but slow communication can be done on a telegraphic signal
  • A 9600 baud connection speed and AX.25 standard is used, a slower communication frequency which allow a maximum of 25 kiloherz bandwidth, fast connection will only be used when the satellite has been given a specific
  • Software
  • FreeRTOS on the satellite\’s Command and Data Handling System and camera module
    TinyOS on the satellite\’s communication module
  • Financing and costs
  • This option is the cheapest possibility to send a satellite into orbit is offered by European Space Agency
  • Estonia is an associated member of ESA most of the launch expenses (about 70,000 euros) will be covered from Estonian member fee for educational expenses
  • The total expense, with launch cost, for the project are approximately 100,000 euros
  • Multimedia
  • YouTube estcube dissection2 | taavi torim
  • YouTube Packing ESTCube-1 for shipping. Tallinn TV Tower 21.1.2013. | AjattaraQuad
  • ESTCube.eu | Video Library
  • Twitter
  • ESTCube @ESTCube
  • Further Reading / In the News
  • ESTCube.eu

— Updates —

Space Shuttle Atlantis

— SPACECRAFT UPDATE—

SpaceX’s Grasshopper Hops Higher

  • GrassHopper
  • Grasshopper stands 10 stories tall and consists of a Falcon 9 rocket first stage tank, Merlin 1D engine, four steel and aluminum landing legs with hydraulic dampers, and a steel support structure
  • The goal of Grasshopper is to eventually create a reusable first stage for SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket, which would be able to land safely instead of falling back into the ocean and not being usable again
  • On March 7, 2013, the vertical and takeoff and landing (VTVL) vehicle, rose 24 stories, 263 ft / 80m, hovered for approximately 34 seconds and then landed safely, and more accurately than ever before
  • Previous Tests
  • This is Grasshopper’s fourth in a series of test flights, with each test demonstrating exponential increases in altitude
  • September 2012 | Flew to 8.2 ft / 2.5 meters
  • November 2012 | Flew to 17.7 ft / 5.4 meters
  • December 2012 | Flew to 131 ft / 40 meters
  • Multimedia
  • Ring of Fire | spacexchannel
  • Further Reading / In the News
  • SpaceX Grasshopper Takes a Leap Into a \’Ring of Fire\’ | UniverseToday.com

— CURIOSITY UPDATE —

  • Analyzing the Drill Sample
  • Curiosity obtained her first drill sample and passed that sample on to her onboard analytical lab instruments, called CheMin and SAM
  • These powerful instruments can tell about what minerals are present in these rocks and whether they contain the ingredients necessary to sustain life as we know it.
  • When the rover science team combine the data from remote sensing and contact science instruments from CheMin and SAM, we get a picture of an ancient watery environment, which would have been habitable had life been present in it.
  • At that site of Opportunity rover, the sedimentary rocks record evidence of an environment that was only wet on a very intermittent basis, and when it was, the waters that were there were highly acidic, very salty, and not favorable for the survival of organic compounds.
  • CheMin instrument, tells us that the minerals that are present in this lakebed sedimentary rock at John Klein are very different from just about anything we\’ve ever analyzed before on Mars and was deposited in a freshwater environment
  • The SAM instrument is telling us that these rocks contained all of the ingredients necessary for a habitable environment
  • The science team found carbon, sulfur and oxygen, all present and a number of other elements in states that life could have taken advantage of.
  • Image Mosaic
  • The mosaic of images from the Mast Camera (Mastcam) on NASA\’s Mars rover Curiosity shows Mount Sharp in raw color as recorded by the camera.
  • This mosaic was assembled from dozens of images from the 100-millimeter-focal-length telephoto lens camera mounted on the right side of the Mastcam instrument
  • Raw color shows the scene\’s colors as they would look in a typical smart-phone camera photo, before any adjustment.
  • White-balancing helps scientists recognize rock materials based on their experience looking at rocks on Earth
  • White balancing yields an overly blue hue in images that have very little blue information, such as Martian landscapes, because the white balancing tends to overcompensate for the low inherent blue content.
  • Multimedia
  • YouTube Curiosity Rover Report (Mar. 15, 2013) | Rover Hits Paydirt | JPLnews
  • Image Galleries at JPL and Curiosity Mulimedia
  • Social Media
  • Curiosity Rover @MarsCuriosity
  • Further Reading / In the News

SCIENCE CALENDAR

Looking back

  • March 23, 2001 : 12 years ago : Mir destroyed : The Russian space station, Mir, ended 15 years in orbit by burning up in Earth\’s atmosphere as the way chosen to end its life. Mir, launched in 1986, had far exceeded its original planned five year lifespan. The Russian government decided in Oct 2000 that its poor condition could no longer justify the expense to maintain its use. A docked Progress tanker had been remotely commanded by mission controllers to fire rockets and lower its orbit and cause re-entry into the atmosphere. The debris that did not burn up during reentry fell harmlessly into the Pacific Ocean at the planned target zone between New Zealand and Chile. For safety, airlines had rerouted Pacific flights in anticipation of the event, and ships had been warned earlier

Looking up this week

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Crushing Cannabis | Unfilter 40 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/33071/crushing-cannabis-unfilter-40/ Wed, 06 Mar 2013 23:12:21 +0000 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/?p=33071 A well organized effort is underway by nine former DEA chiefs and big pharma to stop the spread of Cannabis legalization.

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A well organized effort is underway by nine former DEA chiefs and big pharma to stop the spread of Cannabis legalization. We’ll break down their argument, and analyze the talking points from the front lines.

Plus we’ll look at the real fallout from the sequester, and the possible political motivations that led Washington to this point, and catch Rand Paul’s filibuster as it happens.

Then it’s all about the pipeline coming to a town near you, America’s perpetual state of emergency, your feedback, and much much more!

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— Show Notes —


A 2,000-Page Lubricant for Keystone XL: State Dept. report assumes the oil sands would be exploited regardless of whether the pipeline is built.

But it will certainly add a new element to the already robust climate change and energy debate around the $7 billion proposed project. The new report does not make any policy recommendations, but its conclusion that the environmental and climate change impacts are manageable could provide Mr. Obama political cover if he decides to approve the pipeline.

The White House has yet to embrace the proposed expansion of the Keystone XL pipeline, but the American public is on board.


$250 Million in U.S. Aid for Egypt

Secretary of State John Kerry announced Sunday that the United States would provide $250 million in assistance to Egypt after Egypt\’s president promised to move ahead with negotiations with the International Monetary Fund over economic reforms.

\”The United States will now provide the first $190 million of our pledged $450 million in budget support funds,\” Kerry said, adding that Washington has also pledged an additional $60 million for a new joint Egyptian-American Enterprise Fund.

Egypt will get the aid after \”Morsi\’s assurance that he plans to complete the IMF process,\” Kerry said, referring to a $4.8 billion loan Egypt is currently negotiating with the International Monetary Fund. The loan was agreed in principle last November but was suspended at Egypt\’s request due to violent street protests the following month.

The release of the rest of the $450 million and the other $550 million tranche of the $1 billion in US aid that President Obama promised last year will be tied to what US officials see as successful reforms within the country.
Kerry said the separate $60 million in aid will be for a new fund for \”direct support of key engines of democratic change.\” The top US diplomat added that the funding for that program could rise to $300 million over time.

Perpetual National State of Emergency

During an emergency, the writ of Habeas corpus can be suspended, as can the privilege of a trial with a grand jury for National Guard members. (Habeas corpus is the part of the constitution that says you cannot be detained without reason or a trial—and when it\’s suspended, you could theoretically be held indefinitely without either.) Abraham Lincoln is infamous for suspending it.

The United States has been in a state of national emergency continuously for over 30 years, since the Carter administration invoked it premised on the \”situation in Iran\”.


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Pot Attack

It turns out Peter B. Bensinger, who in the letter is representing the lobbying organization Save Our Society from Drugs, has a huge financial stake in preventing the legalization of cannabis. He is the founder and CEO of a drug testing company.

The Prescription Drug Research Center (PDRC) is a subsidiary of BDA that provides consultation, monitoring the nonmedical use of specific prescribed controlled substances and efforts to reduce the nonmedical use of these medicines. BDA strives to provide quality services that exceed our customers’ expectations everyday.

Some of the garbage they repeat

The latest came Wednesday from Democratic Sen. Patrick Leahy of Vermont, the chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee, who told Holder to focus on prosecuting larger federal crimes as he deals with the fallout of automatic spending cuts ordered by Congress.

\”If you\’re going to be — because of budget cuts — prioritizing matters, I would suggest there are more serious things than minor possession of marijuana, but it\’s a personal view,\” Leahy told Holder, adding that other states are sure to follow the lead of Washington and Colorado.


Senate committee approves Brennan as CIA director

The full Senate could consider John Brennan\’s nomination by week\’s end, which it is expected to confirm despite some senators\’ reservations.

Rand Paul Leads Filibuster of Brennan Nomination

\”I rise today to begin to filibuster John Brennan\’s nomination for the C.I.A.,\” Mr. Paul began. \”I will speak until I can no longer speak. I will speak as long as it takes, until the alarm is sounded from coast to coast that our Constitution is important, that your rights to trial by jury are precious, that no American should be killed by a drone on American soil without first being charged with a crime, without first being found to be guilty by a court.\”

Mr. Paul is the first senator to use an actual filibuster after the Senate reached a deal earlier this year to take some basic steps to limit the filibuster.


Over-hyped Sequester

Israel said Obama told him \”how focused he would be on winning a House majority for the Democrats,\” many of whom complained that the president did not do enough during his first term to help members on the Hill.

In response, McConnell said Obama and Democrats have \”expended enormous amounts of energy to advance that goal — rebooting his political organization, provoking manufactured crises with Congress, engineering show votes in the Senate, and traveling around the country to campaign relentlessly against his opponents. That\’s why the Sequester went into effect in its current form. That\’s why Washington continues to careen needlessly from crisis to crisis. And that\’s why we find ourselves in a situation where more than 1,400 days have passed since Senate Democrats last passed a budget. What a sad state of affairs for our country, and for the notion of governance in general.\”


Eric Holder: Drone Strike To Kill U.S. Citizen On American Soil Legal, Hypothetically

Attorney General Eric Holder is not entirely ruling out a scenario under which a drone strike would be ordered against Americans on U.S. soil, but says it has never been done previously and he could only see it being considered in an extraordinary circumstance.


Anti-government groups on rise

The number of anti-government groups in the United States is at an all-time high and has increased 800 percent since President Barack Obama took office, according to a Southern Poverty Law Center report.


Google Transparency Report now includes the FBI\’s National Security Letters

Americans won\’t feel much more comfortable now that Google has added the FBI\’s National Security Letters to the mix. The investigative branch wants the numbers vague for secrecy\’s sake, but curious residents at least have access to annual data that shows the range of requests for information and roughly how many users were affected — in this case, about 1,000 to 2,000 Google account holders every year since 2009

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Ethical Murder | Unfilter 36 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/31471/ethical-murder-unfilter-36/ Thu, 07 Feb 2013 22:24:45 +0000 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/?p=31471 From the leaked memo establishing the legal framework for killing American citizens without due process, to the continuation of extraordinary rendition.

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After dodging shoes, and taking a critical look at commercialism, we’ll take a deep dive into Obama’s bad week

From the leaked Justice Department memo establishing the legal framework for killing American citizens without due process, to the new report showing 54 different governments around the world still hosting CIA black sites.

And the story of the congressmen who say they can generate $20 billion a year in new revenue, by Ending The Federal Prohibition of Cannabis, but there’s an expensive catch.

All that and much more, on this week’s Unfilter.

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Show Notes:

Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has arrived in Cairo, marking the first visit to Egypt by an Iranian president since Iran\’s 1979 Islamic revolution.


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A new report from the Open Society Foundation details the CIA’s effort to outsource torture since 9/11 in excruciating detail. Known as “extraordinary rendition,” the practice concerns taking detainees to and from U.S. custody without a legal process — think of it like an off-the-books extradition — and often entailed handing detainees over to countries that practiced torture. The Open Society Foundation found that 136 people went through the post-9/11 extraordinary rendition, and 54 countries were complicit in it.

While Obama issued an executive order in 2009 to get the CIA out of the detentions business, the order “did not apply to facilities used for short term, transitory detention.” The Obama administration says it won’t transfer detainees to countries without a pledge from a host government not to torture them — but Syria’s Assad made exactly that pledge to the U.S. before torturing Maher Arar.


The sixteen page white paper, a copy of which was obtained by NBC News, provides new details about the legal reasoning behind one of the Obama administration’s most secretive and controversial policies: its dramatically increased use of drone strikes against al-Qaida suspects, including those aimed at American citizens, such as the September 2011 strike in Yemen that killed alleged al-Qaida operatives Anwar al-Awlaki and Samir Khan. Both were U.S. citizens who had never been indicted by the U.S. government nor charged with any crimes.


Congressmen Jared Polis, D-Colorado, and Earl Blumenauer, D-Oregon, introduced a set of bills to end federal marijuana prohibition for states which determine the drug is legal. The bills would also provide a system of regulation and method to levy a federal excise tax on the drug.

On Revenues:

A rough figure based on a tax amount of $50.00 per ounce of marijuana, is said to generate $20 billion a year, according to policy paper Blumenauer and Polis are releasing this week.

The \”Washington State Preservation of Liberty Act\” introduced on Wednesday condemns and criminalizes the use of the 2012 NDAA\’s provision purportedly authorizing the indefinite detainment of U.S. citizens.

After news of H.B. 1581\’s introduction caught wind, an Internet campaign went viral asking activists to contact their Washington state representatives to co-sponsor the legislation.

In less than 24 hours the number of the bill\’s co-sponsors tripled.

\”We agreed that it was time to end the unmanned aerial vehicle program, so that SPD can focus its resources on public safety and the community building work that is the department\’s priority. The vehicles will be returned to the vendor,\” McGinn said in a written statement.


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The Blowback Decade | Unfilter 17 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/24637/the-blowback-decade-unfilter-17/ Thu, 13 Sep 2012 21:16:32 +0000 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/?p=24637 You're being told the embassy attacks in Egypt and Libya are in response to a movie, but in fact it’s the blowback from a over a decade of a policy of mistakes.

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You\’re being told the embassy attacks in Egypt and Libya are in response to a movie, but in fact it’s the blowback from a over a decade of a policy of mistakes and a growing anti-west movement. You’ll get our analysis in this episode.

Bush’s former director of the CIA and the NSA has shared details on on the initial rollout of the NSA’s domestic spying program and the subsequent ratcheting up of the invasion of citizens privacy. We’ve got the exclusive clips from the source.

It’s our follow up, and your feedback.

All that and a lot more on this week’s Unfilter.

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Show Notes:

ACT ONE:

Drone Update:

ACT TWO:

Clips of the movie:

ACT THREE: Feedback

Song pick of the week:

[asa]B0013D88AC[/asa]

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Egyptian Astronomy & Smog | SciByte 45 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/19382/egyptian-astronomy-smog-scibyte-45/ Tue, 08 May 2012 21:23:32 +0000 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/?p=19382 How the Egyptians are helping astronomical models today, a star being eaten, strange smog contributors, the upcoming Venus transit, SpaceX spacecraft update

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We take a look at how the Egyptians are helping astronomical models today, a star being eaten, strange smog contributors, the upcoming Venus transit, viewer feedback, SpaceX spacecraft update, and as always take a peek back into history and up in the sky this week.

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Show Notes:

Egyptian Astronomy helping further today’s models



Credit: astro.physics.uiowa.edu | Credit: nightskyinfo.com

*— NEWS BYTE — *

Black hole munching on stars



Image Credit: NASA, S. Gezari, A. Rest, and R. Chornock

See smog, think cows



Credit: NASA | Credit : USDA.gov

  • The low down
  • People typically blame Southern California’s smog on automobiles, a new study suggests that cows may be just as responsible, if not more so
  • A large fraction of the region’s smog, especially the particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers in diameter, is ammonium nitrate
  • Ammonia is generated by cars with certain types of catalytic converters and by bacteria that consume cattle waste
  • When the ammonia reacts with nitrogen oxides that are produced in large quantities in automobile emissions
  • Significance
  • Data gathered during low-altitude flights in and around the Los Angeles basin in May 2010 suggest that the region’s 9.9 million autos generate about 62 metric tons of ammonia each day
  • White ammonia emissions from dairy farms in the eastern portion of the basin—home to about 298,000 cattle—range between 33 and 176 metric tons per day
  • * Of Note*
  • In addition ammonia emissions from the dairy farms are concentrated, boosting atmospheric levels of the gas to more than 100 times background levels
  • So efforts to curb the farms’ emissions (perhaps by feeding the animals different diets) might reduce smog more than those targeting cars.
  • Also theorized to contribute are vapors from paint, fumes from outdoor barbecues, and even the fresh scent emitted by trees
  • Multimedia
  • California Smog | NASA.gov
  • Cow | USDA.gov [Photo by N. Wade Snyder]
  • Further Reading / In the News
  • Smog: It’s Not All Cars’ Fault | Science Magazine
  • ScienceShot: There’s Cow in Your Smog | news.sciencemag.org

*— TWO-BYTE NEWS — *

Venus Transit Upcoming on June 5th / 6th


  • * Last time on SciByte*
  • Meteorites & Lasers | SciByte 38 – Venus Transit [March 20, 2012]
  • Curiosity Rover | SciByte 22 – Science Calender [November 22, 2011]
  • The low down
  • On June 5 (June 6 in Australia and Asia), it will pass between the Earth and Sun… an event which only happens about twice and century and won’t happen again until the year 2117!
  • The transit this year will last about 6.5 hours and will be visible from more than half of the Earth’s surface
  • The Sun will set while the transit is still in progress from most of North America, the Caribbean, and northwest South America
  • It will also already be in progress at sunrise for observers in central Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and eastern Africa
  • No portion of the transit will be visible from Portugal or southern Spain, western Africa, and the southeastern 2/3 of South America
  • Between each occurrence is happens at uneven occurrences at 121.5, then 8 then 105.5, then 8 years again. So only four times every 243 years and only in early Dec or early June
  • The next pair of Venus transits occur over a century from now on 2117 Dec 11 and 2125 Dec 08
  • * Of Note*
  • You can start preparations now to view the transit of Venus
  • Many retailers, like amazon, are are carrying special eclipse/transit viewing glasses and lenses
  • Make sure all glasses are sealed and that no sunlight can enter
  • Binoculars and telescopes require special lenses, if you have those you might want to practice before the event
  • Start thinking about what time it will occur in your area
  • Even the Hubble space telescope is getting in on the transit action by looking away from the Sun, more information on that in the SciByte near the transit.
  • Multimedia
  • YouTube VIDEO : NE Live – Transit of Venus Promo for Sun-Earth Day 2012 | SunEarthDay
  • Further Reading / In the News
  • Sun Earth Day
  • 2012 Venus Transit – The Countdown Is On! | UniverseToday.com

*— VIEWER FEEDBACK — *

  • SOFTWARE : MetalFreak
  • “Stellarium is a free open source planetarium for your computer. It shows a realistic sky in 3D, just like what you see with the naked eye, binoculars or a telescope. It is being used in planetarium projectors. Just set your coordinates and go."
  • Screenshots
  • On stellarium.org you can download in Linux, Mac, or Windows
  • [on cnet](https://download.cnet.com/Stellarium/3000–2054_4–10072276.html
  • on Softpedia

SPACECRAFT UPDATE

SpaceX Dragon flight delay

  • * Last time on SciByte*
  • Mining Asteroids & Shuttle Discovery | SciByte 44 – SpaceX Falcon 9 Rocket [May 1, 2012]](https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/19186/mining-asteroids-shuttle-discovery-scibyte–44/)
  • Solar Storms & Private Space Flight | SciByte 30 – SpaceX Space Station resupply mission resceduled [January 24, 2012]](https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/16276/solar-storms-private-space-flight-scibyte–30/)
  • The low down
  • On May 2nd it was announced that the launch will likely shift to a later date, possibly May 10
  • A SpaceX spokesperson said that “SpaceX is continuing to work through the software assurance process with NASA. We will issue a statement as soon as a new launch target is set.”
  • The flight was previously delayed from an April 30 launch date to allow more time for tests of Dragon’s flight software. The new delay is also meant to allow for further checkouts.
  • Social Media
  • SpaceX @SpaceX
  • Further Reading / In the News
  • SpaceX
  • SpaceX Says Delay Likely for 1st Private Launch to Space Station | Space.com

SCIENCE CALENDER

Looking back

  • May 9, 1893 : 119 years ago : First motion picture
    : The first motion picture exhibition was given by Thomas Alva Edison in Brooklyn, New York to an audience of 400 people at the Dept of Physics, Brooklyn Institute, Brooklyn, N.Y. using Edision’s Kinetograph. An optical lantern projector showed moving images of a blacksmith and his two helpers passing a bottle and forging a piece of iron. Each filmstrip had 700 images, each image being shown for 1/92 sec. The event was reported in the Scientific American of 20 May 1893.
  • May 9, 1962 : 50 years ago : Moon reached by laser light : A laser beam was bounced off the moon from earth by MIT scientists. The area of the light beam on the surface was estimated at a diameter of 4 miles.

Looking up this week

The post Egyptian Astronomy & Smog | SciByte 45 first appeared on Jupiter Broadcasting.

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