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LINKS:

• Coder Radio 300 Shirt and Hoodie
• Coder Coasters
• Coder Radio 300 Poster
• Google to Weed Out Cryptocurrency Ads | Online Advertising | TechNewsWorld — The ban includes, but is not limited to, initial coin offerings, cryptocurrency exchanges, cryptocurrency wallets and cryptocurrency trading advice.
• YouTube didn’t tell Wikipedia about its plans for Wikipedia – The Verge — YouTube CEO Susan Wojcicki announced that the platform would start adding information from Wikipedia to conspiracy-related videos within the next few weeks.
• Intel redesigned its 8th-gen processors to patch ‘Meltdown’ flaws — The changes will start with Xeon Scalable “Cascade Lake” processors and 8th-generation Core chips shipping in the second half of this year.
• Lyft is testing a Netflix-style monthly subscription plan – The Verge — Lyft is testing monthly subscription plans for high-frequency users, a sign that the company is shifting toward a Netflix or Spotify model for transportation.
• MoviePass Wants To Gather a Whole Lot of Data About Its Users — Lowe said that was possible because “we get an enormous amount of information. Since we mail you the card, we know your home address . . . we know the makeup of that household, the kids, the age groups, the income. It’s all based on where you live. It’s not that we ask that. You can extrapolate that. “Then,” Lowe continued, “Because you are being tracked in your GPS by the phone . . . we watch how you drive from home to the movies. We watch where you go afterwards, and so we know the movies you watch. We know all about you. We don’t sell that data. What we do is we use that data to market film.”
• Amazon is testing a “brief mode” for Alexa that replaces verbal responses with beeps – The Verge — This seems to be the only difference with brief mode — using beeps instead of verbal cues to acknowledge successful commands — but it’s not hard to imagine how Amazon might expand its applications. (We’ve reached out to the company to find out and will update the story if they reply.)
• Geek Squad’s Relationship with FBI Is Cozier Than We Thought — Some of these reports indicate that the FBI treated Geek Squad employees as informants, identifying them as “CHS,” which is shorthand for confidential human sources
• No, Space Did Not Permanently Alter 7 Percent of Scott Kelly’s DNA – Slashdot — The mistake stems from an inaccurate interpretation of NASA’s ongoing Twins Study. When Scott went to space in 2015, his identical twin Mark — also a former NASA astronaut — stayed on the ground. The idea was that Mark would serve as a control subject — a nearly identical genetic copy that NASA could use to figure out how the space environment changed Scott’s body. Some fascinating results have come out of the experiment. For one thing, Scott’s gut bacteria changed significantly while he was in space. And yes, he did experience genetic changes. The protective caps on the ends of his DNA strands — known as telomeres — increased while in space. But space didn’t permenantly alter 7 percent of his DNA. […] NASA also confirmed this in a statement to The Verge: “Scott’s DNA did not fundamentally change,” a NASA spokesperson said. “What researchers did observe are changes in gene expression, which is how your body reacts to your environment. This likely is within the range for humans under stress, such as mountain climbing or SCUBA diving.”
• Steve, a Famous Northern Light, Stays Mysterious (and Keeps His Name) – The New York Times — Now a research paper has shed light on what Steve actually is, and scientists have proposed a moniker: Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement.
• Deadwood 1876: A Safe-Robbing Game of Teamwork & Betrayal by Travis Hancock — Kickstarter — Work with your team to collect the most gold and then fight your teammates to the death to keep it all for yourself. 2-9 Players.

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People Are Actually Using a Joke Dating Site That Matches People Based on Their Passwords

This website answers the question no one ever asked: what if you dated someone who used the same password?

• Flight Sim Company Embeds Malware to Steal Pirates’ Passwords

Flight sim company FlightSimLabs has found itself in trouble after installing malware onto users’ machines as an anti-piracy measure. Code embedded in its A320-X module contained a mechanism for detecting ‘pirate’ serial numbers distributed on The Pirate Bay, which then triggered a process through which the company stole usernames and passwords from users’ web browsers.

Lessons from the Cryptojacking Attack at Tesla

New research from the RedLock CSI team revealed that the latest victim of cryptojacking is Tesla. While the attack was similar to the ones at Aviva and Gemalto, there were some notable differences. The hackers had infiltrated Tesla’s Kubernetes console which was not password protected. Within one Kubernetes pod, access credentials were exposed to Tesla’s AWS environment which contained an Amazon S3 (Amazon Simple Storage Service) bucket that had sensitive data such as telemetry.

Chef InSpec 2.0 helps automate security compliance in cloud apps

InSpec is a free open source tool that enables development teams to express security and compliance rules as code. Version 1.0 was about ensuring that applications were set up properly. The new version extends this capability to the cloud where companies are running the applications, allowing teams to test and write rules for compliance with cloud security policy. It supports AWS and Azure and comes with 30 common configurations out of the box including Docker, IIS, NGINX and PostgreSQL.

• chef/inspec: InSpec: Auditing and Testing Framework

Meltdown and Spectre Check Up

• A Clear Guide to Meltdown and Spectre Patches

Linux upstream kernel

• Kernel Page Table Isolation
  is a mitigation in the Linux Kernel, originally named KAISER.

• Version 4.14.11 contains KPTI.

• Version 4.15-rc6 contains KPTI.
• Longterm support kernels Version 4.9.75 and 4.4.110 contain KPTI backports.

Noteworthy:

• Comment by kernel developer Andrew Lutomirski that pre-4.14 kernels got an earlier version of KPTI and may contain bugs.
• Explanation of PCID, which will reduce performance impact of KPTI on newer kernels.

FreeBSD Finally Gets Mitigated For Spectre & Meltdown

There is Meltdown mitigation for Intel CPUs via a KPTI implementation similar to Linux, the Kernel Page Table Isolation. There is also a PCID (Process Context Identifier) optimization for Intel Westmere CPUs and newer, just as was also done on Linux.

For their Spectre mitigation they are currently making use of IBRS: Indirect Branch Restricted Speculation. The IBRS feature just as with Linux requires support from the CPU microcode and is for mitigating the Variant Two vulnerability as an alternative to Retpolines.

• SpeculativeExecutionVulnerabilities – FreeBSD Wiki

Spectre & Meltdown Checkers

• Linux: Stéphane Lesimple put together a simple shell script to tell if your Linux installation is vulnerable against the 3 “speculative execution” CVEs.
  • Linux: Red Hat Check Script – get the latest version from the diagnose tab of the main Red Hat vulnerability article.
  • Linux: Debian Spectre-Meltdown Checker – Spectre & Meltdown vulnerability/mitigation checker available in stretch-backports.
  • Microsoft Windows: See the Windows section in this document containing the link to the official Powershell script.

Microsoft gives sysadmins Meltdown and Spectre detection in Windows Analytics

Windows Analytics can now scan enterprise PCs running Windows 10, Windows 8.1 and Windows 7 and report on whether they’re prepped to fend off attacks based on the Meltdown and Spectre vulnerabilities.

Meltdown fix’s ‘massive overhead’ will slow Linux systems, warns Netflix engineer

Brendan Gregg describes the impact of updates to the Linux kernel that work around Meltdown as demonstrating the “largest kernel performance regressions I’ve ever seen”.

• KPTI/KAISER Meltdown Initial Performance Regressions

New Spectre, Meltdown variants leave victims open to side-channel attacks

MeltdownPrime and SpectrePrime, found by Princeton and NVIDIA researchers, may require significant hardware changes to be mitigated.

In Conclusion… For Now.

• Keep in mind Meltdown was one attack…
• But Spectre is a class of attacks, which we will be hearing about for years very likely.
• Plan to keep patching against Spectre attacks.

Feedback

• Simon Asks about locking down Firefox
• Locking preferences – MozillaZine Knowledge Base

• CCK2 | Mike’s Musings

• Namespaces and sandboxing

• Linux Sandboxing

• Firejail

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• Plasma Mobile test ISOs — 44% poll participants wanting to test Plasma Mobile on their device, and/or as a virtual machine, or on real machine.
• Purism aims for convergence — Upon successful completion of our funding campaign, we started to look for a Designer to take care of the user experience for the Librem 5, and a web developer to help us improve the look & feel (and more technical parts) of our website in general. Today, I’m glad to finally welcome them publicly!
• Mycroft Mark 2 — What sets Mark II apart? It’s open source. This means your personal data stays private, you can customize your experience, and Mycroft is a neutral player in the voice game, allowing you to be confident in your personal preference of apps and skills.
• Ubuntu 18.04 to revert to Xorg by default — We have decided that we will ship Xorg by default, and that Wayland will be an optional session available from the login screen.
• Torvalds unhappy with Intel’s response to Spectre — Instead of treating Spectre as a bug, the chip maker is offering Spectre protection as a feature.
• Are the BSDs dying? — Too few eyeballs on code is a security issue as vulnerabilities go unreported and unpatched. Can FreeBSD, OpenBSD, and NetBSD survive?

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— Show Notes: —

— The Cliff Notes —

• Red Hat: We Didn’t Pull CPU Microcode Update To Pass the Buck
• Intel: Stop Patching Until Further Notice
• [https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/security/google-technique-offers-spectre-vulnerability-fix-no-performance-loss](Google Technique, Patch Spectre No Performance Loss)
• Linus Response
• Noah is a Guest on the Podcast Engineering School
• See How the Ask Noah Show Got Started (video)
• VoxTeleSys

— Stay In Touch —

Find all the resources for this show on the Ask Noah Dashboard

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Need more help than a radio show can offer? Altispeed provides commercial IT services and they’re excited to offer you a great deal for listening to the Ask Noah Show. Call today and ask about the discount for listeners of the Ask Noah Show!

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• Wine 3.0 Released — This includes in particular Direct3D 12 and Vulkan support, as well as OpenGL ES support to enable Direct3D on Android.
• Oneplus pwned — One of our systems was attacked, and a malicious script was injected into the payment page code to sniff out credit card info while it was being entered.
• ​Google moves to Debian for in-house Linux desktop — Google has officially confirmed the company is shifting its in-house Linux desktop from the Ubuntu-based Goobuntu to a new Linux distro, the DebianTesting-based gLinux.
• Meltdown and Spectre Linux kernel status — Some “enterprise” distributions did not backport the changes for this reporting, so if you are running one of those types of kernels, go bug the vendor to fix that, you really want a unified way of knowing the state of your system.
• Red Hat pulls microcode update — Which, er, sounds like Red Hat has given up and, to avoid any blame, has told its customers to just get whatever firmware your CPU maker is offering. And if it works, it works, and if it makes your box fall over, uh, don’t look at Red Hat.
• Red Hat: We Didn’t Pull CPU Microcode Update — “It’s actually an encrypted, signed binary image, so we don’t have the capability, even if we wanted to produce microcode. It’s a binary blob that we cannot generate. The only people who can actually generate that are the CPU vendors.”
• Ubuntu almost ready to patch against Spectre — This week we published candidate Ubuntu kernels providing mitigation for CVE-2017-5715 and CVE-2017-5753 (ie, Spectre / Variants 1 & 2) to their respective -proposed pockets for Ubuntu 17.10 (Artful), 16.04 LTS (Xenial), and 14.04 LTS (Trusty).  
• Skyfall and Solace: Meltdown and Spectre are just the beginning — Skyfall and Solace are two speculative attacks based on the work highlighted by Meltdown and Spectre.
  Full details are still under embargo and will be published soon when chip manufacturers and Operating System vendors have prepared patches.
• NHoS shut down — The small team behind an ambitious NHoS Linux project are calling it a day, citing receipt of a trademark infringement warning from the UK Department of Health’s (DoH) “brand police” as the “final straw.”

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Show Notes:

What is Meltdown and Spectre

• Meltdown and Spectre

• These vulnerabilities have been present in most computers for nearly 20 years.

• Both vulnerabilities exploit performance features (caching and speculative execution) common to many modern processors to leak data via a so-called side-channel attack.

• What is a side channel?

From Wikipedia:

“… a side-channel attack is any attack based on information gained from the physical implementation of a cryptosystem, rather than brute force or theoretical weaknesses in the algorithms (compare cryptanalysis). For example, timing information, power consumption, electromagnetic leaks or even sound can provide an extra source of information, which can be exploited to break the system.”

• Spectre and Meltdown are side-channel attacks which deduce the contents of a memory location which should not normally be accessible by using timing to observe whether another, accessible, location is present in the cache.

• Meltdown is a CPU vulnerability. It works by using modern processors’ out-of-order execution to read arbitrary kernel-memory location. This can include personal data and passwords. This functionality has been an important performance feature. It’s present in many modern processors, most noticeably in 2010 and later Intel processors. By breaking down the wall between user applications and operating system’s memory allocations, it can potentially be used to spy on the memory of other programs and the operating systems.

• Spectre breaks down the barriers between different applications. You could theoretically use it to trick applications into accessing arbitrary program, but not kernel, memory locations. Spectre is harder to exploit than Meltdown, but it is also harder to mitigate, and it attacks even more chip architectures than Meltdown does. For now, there are no universal Spectre patches.

• Meltdown And Spectre Explained

• The timeline: How we got to Spectre and Meltdown A Timeline  

• ‘It Can’t Be True.’ Inside the Semiconductor Industry’s Meltdown

Behind the Scenes all is not well

• How Tier 2 cloud vendors banded together to cope with Spectre and Meltdown
• FreeBSD was made aware of Meltdown and Spectre in late December. There’s currently no ETA for mitigation.
• heads up: Fix for intel hardware bug will lead to performance regressions
• LKML: Tom Lendacky: [PATCH] x86/cpu, x86/pti: Do not enable PTI on AMD processors

Meltdown and Spectre Patch Performance Hit

• Degraded performance after forced reboot due to AWS instance maintenance
• Fortnite takes performance hit from ‘Meltdown,’ says Epic
• Meltdown & Specter: Intel downs performance

• Meltdown and Specter – Performance according to Microsoft under Win 7 and 8 worse than under Win 10

• Intel releases breakdown of performance slowdown on Windows 10 after Spectre and Meltdown patches: ~6% for 8th-gen CPUs, ~7% for 7th-gen, ~8% for 6th-gen  

Protecting our Google Cloud customers from new vulnerabilities without impacting performance

With the performance characteristics uncertain, we started looking for a “moonshot”—a way to mitigate Variant 2 without hardware support. Finally, inspiration struck in the form of “Retpoline”—a novel software binary modification technique that prevents branch-target-injection, created by Paul Turner, a software engineer who is part of our Technical Infrastructure group. With Retpoline, we didn’t need to disable speculative execution or other hardware features. Instead, this solution modifies programs to ensure that execution cannot be influenced by an attacker.

What’s the fix for Meltdown and Spectre?

• Meltdown, Spectre bug patch slowdown gets real

• Available Spectre and Meltdown patches

• PCID is now a critical performance/security feature on x86 – Google Groups

Checking yourself and the outlook for 2018

• spectre-meltdown-checker:
• Prepare yourself and your company for the fact that this could be a trend for 2018.

• Several researches converged on these flaws at once. TechSNAP predicts that means more are coming, and folks like Greg KH have suggested just as much.

• Why Raspberry Pi isn’t vulnerable to Spectre or Meltdown – Raspberry Pi

macOS High Sierra’s App Store System Preferences Can Be Unlocked With Any Password

A bug report submitted on Open Radar this week has revealed a security flaw in the current version of macOS High Sierra that allows the App Store menu in System Preferences to be unlocked with any password.

• Major macOS High Sierra Bug Allows Full Admin Access Without Password  

The bug, discovered by developer Lemi Ergin, lets anyone log into an admin account using the username “root” with no password. This works when attempting to access an administrator’s account on an unlocked Mac, and it also provides access at the login screen of a locked Mac.

WD My Cloud NAS devices have hard-wired backdoor

The backdoor, detailed here, lets anyone log in as user mydlinkBRionyg with the password abc12345cba.

Feedback

+ New video feed https://techsnap.systems/video

• How could I measure all of these overhead performance hits
• Perfmon
• Troubleshooting with Sysinternals Tools – Windows Sysinternals | Microsoft Docs
• ProcDump – Windows Sysinternals | Microsoft Docs

• Process Monitor – Windows Sysinternals | Microsoft Docs

• MySQL Replication Woes · Slexy.org Pastebin

• Big DELETEs – MariaDB Knowledge Base

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— Show Notes: —

— The Cliff Notes —

• Problem Booting Windows with AMD
• Meltdown and Spectre for Non Technical Users
• Meltdown and Spectre the Battle Continues
• Meltdown Attack Simply Explained
• What RedHat says You Need to Know
• Microsoft Haults Patches
• Microsoft Haults Patches Cont.
• Meltdown Spectre Bug Collision
• Kids Router
• RedHat Opens up Resources For You
• RedHat Resources
• Linus Torvalds Advice to Intel
• Intel CEO Sale of Stock Before Security Bug Reveal
• Intel Bug Performance Hit
• Intel Bug Fix Kernel Fix
• Canonical Updates for Meltdown and Spectre
• Intel SPI Bug Fix
• BIOS Fix Download
• Backup BIOS Fix Update
• See How the Ask Noah Show Got Started (video)
• VoxTeleSys

— Stay In Touch —

Find all the resources for this show on the Ask Noah Dashboard

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Need more help than a radio show can offer? Altispeed provides commercial IT services and they’re excited to offer you a great deal for listening to the Ask Noah Show. Call today and ask about the discount for listeners of the Ask Noah Show!

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Show Notes:

Pre-Show

• SSHTron – Tron in Your Terminal

Follow Up / Catch Up

​The Linux vs Meltdown and Spectre battle continues

So, where are we with fixing the problems? Work is continuing, but the latest update of the stable Linux kernel, 4.14.2, has the current patches. Some people may experience boot problems with this release, but 4.14.13 will be out in a few days.
Patches have also been added to the 4.4 and 4.9 stable kernel trees. But, as Kroah-Hartman added, “This backport is very different from the mainline version that is in 4.14 and 4.15, there are different bugs happening.” Still, he said, “Those are the minority at the moment, and should not stop you from upgrading.”

• USN-3521-1: NVIDIA graphics drivers vulnerability | Ubuntu
• Microsoft halts AMD Meltdown and Spectre patches after reports of unbootable PCs

Have you heard about the Spectre and Meltdown vulnerabilities and want to know more? Listen to the Ask Noah Show tonight at 6 PM CST where we talk with a special guest!

Can't make it? Listen to last episode with @MichaelTunnell from @TuxDigital! https://t.co/rmWVYA8yZb

— AskNoah (@asknoahshow) January 9, 2018

• Brandon Johnson (@dbrandonjohnson) | Twitter

Shotcut – New Release 18.01

Here are the main fixes and enhancements in this new version:

• Added Audio Spectrum Visualization filter.
• Added support for font size and italics to the Text filter.
• Added a Mask filter.
• Another important fix for accuracy of XML time values, particularly for non-integer frame rates.

QOwnNotes changelog

• QOwnNotes is the open source (GPL) plain-text file notepad with markdown support and todo list manager for GNU/Linux, Mac OS X and Windows by Patrizio Bekerle (pbek on GitHub and IRC), that (optionally) works together with the notes application of ownCloud or Nextcloud.

Intel’s Hades Canyon NUCs with Radeon Graphics are Official: $799-$999, Shipping in Spring 2018

Unlike Skull Canyon, which has only one SKU (NUC6i7KYK) with the Core i7-6700HQ, Intel is launching Hades Canyon in two versions. The more powerful of the two is the $999 VR-ready NUC8i7HVK sporting the 100W TDP unlocked Core i7-8809G. The other SKU is the $799 NUC8i7HNK with the 65W TDP Core i7-8705G. The rest of the features are identical across the two SKUs.

TING

• Ting – mobile that makes sense

Scratch is now elementary Code

By rebranding to Code, it lets us focus on what we intended from the start: building a great native code editor for developers on elementary OS

You GNOME it: Windows and Apple devs get a compelling reason to turn to Linux

Ubuntu without Unity will continue to be a big story in the foreseeable future is that with Ubuntu using GNOME Shell, almost all the major distributions out there now ship primarily with GNOME, making GNOME Shell the de facto standard Linux desktop.

• Artful Dot One | Ubuntu QA
  

DigitalOcean

• DigitalOcean: SSD Cloud Server, VPS Server, Simple Cloud Hosting

Next Ripple or Ethereum? Telegram to Launch Crypto Bitcoin Alternative

The “Telegram Open Network” that powers the system will be a “third generation” blockchain network, building on the work of previous cryptocurrencies to provide something groundbreaking.

The Return of Linspire?

• Linspire Returns

The Linspire distribution has had a long and mixed history. Linspire (originally named Lindows) is a commercial distribution which has changed hands a few times. Linspire started as a Debian-based project designed to offer a familiar desktop environment for Windows users. Linspire was later re-based on Ubuntu and continued its beginner-friendly mission. However, the Linspire distribution was eventually purchased by Xandros and discontinued back around 2008. At the end of 2017, PC/OpenSystems LLC announced they had purchased Linspire and its community edition, Freespire, and would resume development of these two Ubuntu-based distributions. Linspire is being sold as a commercial product which can be bundled with PC/OpenSystems computers while Freespire can be downloaded free of charge. More information can be found on the PC/OpenSystems Linspire information page.

Freespire 3.0 and Linspire 7.0 released

Linspire is a commercial release which builds on the elegant Freespire foundation. It does include a proprietary software set optimized for business users, students, researchers and developers. It is a capable solution for utilizing cloud-based web apps as well as legacy software from our Debian or Ubuntu’s repositories.

• This Freespire 3.0 is supported until 2021. Linspire 7.0 is supported until 2025.

Linux Academy

• Linux Academy | Linux and AWS Online Training

  End of the Gentoo Challenge

• A Science Project: “Make the 486 Great Again!” – Modern Linux in an ancient PC | YKM’s corner on the web

The issue with modern Linux distributions like Debian/Ubuntu/Arch is that they distribute compiled binary packages. Typically this is good enough as compiling every single package you want from scratch is time consuming and most people ain’t got the time for that.
Although the 486 is theoretically supported by the modern Linux kernel, this is not true on the distribution and package level. For example, Debian has dropped support for older 586 32-bit CPUs as of 2016. Thus, the oldest supported x86 CPU by Debian is the 686. The 6th-generation x86 started with the Pentium Pro released in 1995 or its more commonly known variant Pentium 2 was released in 1997.
Therefore, it is no longer possible to directly use a typical modern distribution on a 486 PC. But on an atypical distribution like Gentoo which requires you to compile every package, this might still be possible.

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• UBports release OTA 3 — This update brings some new features and bug fixes atop the Ubuntu Touch 15.04 base. New features include some new packages requested by the community, the default start page and search provider was changed over to DuckDuckGo, and not displaying the keyboard when working with multiple windows. This over-the-air update has also removed the Ubuntu Store from the App Scope.
• Ubuntu Touch working on Android app support — “Project Anbox”. Anbox – a shorted form of ‘Android-in-a-Box” – is a community effort which allows Android apps to execute in a container in a more native way rather than the more common approach of using an Android emulator,
• LEDE and OpenWrt merge — The merged project will use the code base of the former LEDE project.
• Fuchsia available for the Pixelbook — Fuchsia—which only started development in 2016—is Google’s third operating system after Chrome OS and Android.
• Meltdown and Spectre — Meltdown and Spectre exploit critical vulnerabilities in modern processors. These hardware vulnerabilities allow programs to steal data which is currently processed on the computer. While programs are typically not permitted to read data from other programs, a malicious program can exploit Meltdown and Spectre to get hold of secrets stored in the memory of other running programs. This might include your passwords stored in a password manager or browser, your personal photos, emails, instant messages and even business-critical documents.
• Law Center and Conservancy updates — Because the SFLC has amended its trademark cancellation petition with a fraud claim, the SFC’s motion to toss the complaint must be refiled after the fraud issue been considered.

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— Show Notes: —

— The Cliff Notes —

• RedHat Opens up Resources For You
• RedHat Resources
• Linus Torvalds Advice to Intel
• Intel CEO Sale of Stock Before Security Bug Reveal
• Intel Bug Performance Hit
• Intel Bug Fix Kernel Fix
• Canonical Updates for Meltdown and Spectre
• Intel SPI Bug Fix
• BIOS Fix Download
• Backup BIOS Fix Update
• See How the Ask Noah Show Got Started (video)
• VoxTeleSys

— Stay In Touch —

Find all the resources for this show on the Ask Noah Dashboard

Ask Noah Dashboard

Need more help than a radio show can offer? Altispeed provides commercial IT services and they’re excited to offer you a great deal for listening to the Ask Noah Show. Call today and ask about the discount for listeners of the Ask Noah Show!

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Contact Noah

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• Ask Noah Show
• Altispeed Technologies
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