memory – Jupiter Broadcasting https://www.jupiterbroadcasting.com Open Source Entertainment, on Demand. Sun, 29 Nov 2020 23:03:28 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=5.5.3 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/cropped-favicon-32x32.png memory – Jupiter Broadcasting https://www.jupiterbroadcasting.com 32 32 Linux Action News 165 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/143502/linux-action-news-165/ Sun, 29 Nov 2020 14:45:00 +0000 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/?p=143502 Show Notes: linuxactionnews.com/165

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Show Notes: linuxactionnews.com/165

The post Linux Action News 165 first appeared on Jupiter Broadcasting.

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Distrowatch Running FreeBSD | BSD Now 334 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/138802/distrowatch-running-freebsd-bsd-now-334/ Thu, 23 Jan 2020 05:00:00 +0000 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/?p=138802 Show Notes/Links: https://www.bsdnow.tv/334

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Show Notes/Links: https://www.bsdnow.tv/334

The post Distrowatch Running FreeBSD | BSD Now 334 first appeared on Jupiter Broadcasting.

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Apollo’s ARC | TechSNAP 408 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/133077/apollos-arc-techsnap-408/ Fri, 26 Jul 2019 00:15:15 +0000 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/?p=133077 Show Notes: techsnap.systems/408

The post Apollo's ARC | TechSNAP 408 first appeared on Jupiter Broadcasting.

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Show Notes: techsnap.systems/408

The post Apollo's ARC | TechSNAP 408 first appeared on Jupiter Broadcasting.

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SACK Attack | TechSNAP 406 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/132271/sack-attack-techsnap-406/ Sun, 23 Jun 2019 17:28:04 +0000 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/?p=132271 Show Notes: techsnap.systems/406

The post SACK Attack | TechSNAP 406 first appeared on Jupiter Broadcasting.

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Show Notes: techsnap.systems/406

The post SACK Attack | TechSNAP 406 first appeared on Jupiter Broadcasting.

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Tor Vibrations | TechSNAP 190 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/72562/tor-vibrations-techsnap-190/ Thu, 27 Nov 2014 11:52:56 +0000 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/?p=72562 We’ll tell you about the VMware flaw so bad, the solution is to just turn the service off & we now have more details on a major Windows flaw. Plus new research discovers that up to 81% of Tor users could be de-anonymized, a great batch of your networking questions & much, much more! Thanks […]

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We’ll tell you about the VMware flaw so bad, the solution is to just turn the service off & we now have more details on a major Windows flaw.

Plus new research discovers that up to 81% of Tor users could be de-anonymized, a great batch of your networking questions & much, much more!

Thanks to:


DigitalOcean


Ting


iXsystems

Direct Download:

HD Video | Mobile Video | MP3 Audio | Ogg Audio | YouTube | HD Torrent | Mobile Torrent

RSS Feeds:

HD Video Feed | Mobile Video Feed | MP3 Audio Feed | Ogg Audio Feed | iTunes Feeds | Torrent Feed

Become a supporter on Patreon:

Foo

— Show Notes: —

Why the VMWare TPS flaw is a big deal

  • VMWare recently disclosed a vulnerability in its line of virtualization products (vSphere, ESXi, etc)
  • VMWare has a feature called TPS (“Transparent Page Sharing”), which basically provides deduplication of memory between virtual machines
  • When two or more virtual machines have an identical 4k block of memory, only 1 block of physical memory on the host is actually used
  • VMs may have many common blocks if they are running the same OS and Applications, especially if the VMs are clones of each other
  • “Experimental implementations show that using this method, it is possible to run over 50 Windows XP VMs with 1GB of RAM each on a physical machine with just 16GB of RAM”
  • VMWare Whitepapers of TPS for ESXi 3 and vSphere 5
  • The TPS feature is not new, it has shipped in VMWare since 2006, and is on by default
  • “Why is this a big deal? Because a virtualized architecture demands VM isolation, this is the most important security requirement for virtualization. Each VM guest running on a host must not be allowed in any way to access another VM guest. They must be kept in separate locked rooms with only the hypervisor possessing the keys to access all of them”
  • “VMware appears to be down-playing it as it obviously exposes a chink in their virtual armor, they have issued a KB article describing the vulnerability and giving guidance on how customers can disable TPS on their hosts. VMware doesn’t name the specific source that found the vulnerability in the KB article, they simply refer to it as “an academic paper””
  • THE “Academic Paper” — Wait a minute! A fast, Cross-VM attack on AES
  • “This work exploits resource sharing in virtualization software to build a powerful cache-based attack on AES. We demonstrate the vulnerability by mounting Cross-VM Flush+Reload cache attacks in VMware VMs to recover the AES keys of OpenSSL 1.0.1 running inside the victim VM. Furthermore, the attack works in a realistic setting where different VMs are located on separate cores. The modified flush+reload attack we present, takes only in the order of seconds to minutes to succeed in a cross-VM setting. Therefore long term co-location, as required by other fine grain attacks in the literature, are not needed. The results of this study show that there is a great security risk to OpenSSL AES implementation running on VMware cloud services when the deduplication is not disabled.”
  • The paper describes a technique in which an attacker with access to a VM on the same physical machine, even if it is not on the same CPU Core, could recover the SSL/TLS private key from a web server running Apache+OpenSSL in a victim VM
  • This would then allow the attacker to impersonate that site, possibly allowing them to successfully phish or otherwise gain sensitive information from end users
  • “All versions of vSphere back to VI3 are vulnerable to the exploit but VMware is only patching the 5.x versions of vSphere as the 4.x versions are no longer officially supported as of May 2014”. “Note these patches only disable TPS which is currently enable by default, they do nothing to fix the vulnerability, it will most likely take VMware some time to figure out how to make TPS work in a way that cannot be exploited”

WinShock – What that Microsoft SChannel vulnerability was

  • SChannel is Microsofts tool similar to OpenSSL. “SChannel is used by anything leveraging built-in SSL and TLS this includes IIS, Active Directory, OWA, Exchange, Internet Explorer, and Windows Update.”
  • The vulnerability allows remote code execution, so it especially severe, and users should patch immediately if they have not already done so
  • An attacker can send specially crafted malicious packets, which are not properly checked for validity, and the victim machine may execute commands included in that message, allowing the attacker to take full control of the machine
  • Rapid7 Blog: Is MS14-066 another Red alert?
  • Rapid7 takes pains to clarify that this is not on the same level as Heartbleed, Shellshock, Poodle, or other recent vulnerabilities of that scale, mostly because this was privately disclosed to Microsoft, and is not being actively exploited in the wild
  • No one knows the details of the problem yet, and there are no proof-of-concept exploits
  • “Details surrounding the vulnerability are vague, but Microsoft has indicated that there are no known exploits in the wild and the development of exploit code will be challenging. This vulnerability is reported to affect all Windows servers and clients, and while it’s unlikely to be exploited today, it should be patched as soon as possible given the possibility of remote code execution.”

New research discovers that up to 81% of tor users could be de-anonymized by new traffic analysis techniques

  • “Research undertaken between 2008 and 2014 suggests that more than 81% of Tor clients can be ‘de-anonymised’ – their originating IP addresses revealed – by exploiting the ‘Netflow’ technology that Cisco has built into its router protocols, and similar traffic analysis software running by default in the hardware of other manufacturers.”
  • “The technique depends on injecting a repeating traffic pattern – such as HTML files, the same kind of traffic of which most Tor browsing consists – into the TCP connection that it sees originating in the target exit node, and then comparing the server’s exit traffic for the Tor clients, as derived from the router’s flow records, to facilitate client identification.”
  • “To achieve acceptable quality of service, [Tor attempts] to preserve packet interarrival characteristics, such as inter-packet delay. Consequently, a powerful adversary can mount traffic analysis attacks by observing similar traffic patterns at various point
  • “Traffic analysis of this kind does not involve the enormous expense and infrastructural effort that the NSA put into their FoxAcid Tor redirects, but it benefits from running one or more high-bandwidth, high-performance, high-uptime Tor relays”
  • The technical involves getting the user to download a file, large enough that it takes a few minutes over which the flow of data can be manipulated and observed (this could be as easy as injecting an oversized images into a website, where the user does not see it)
  • By having the server that is sending the image modulate the bandwidth of the TCP connection in question, shifting every 20 seconds between 1 mbit (about the max you would expect to be able to get over tor), 50 kbit, 300 kbit, and then 100 kbit, it created a unique enough pattern of traffic, that tor preserved, that the same pattern could be observed on the entry node that the tor user was connected to
  • By collecting Netflow type data (start and end time, source and destination ip, number of packets, number of bytes), from the source (or exit node) and the entry node (or a router in front of the entry node or the end user), and correlated the data, researchers were able to identify the real ip address of the tor user that connected to their server

Feedback:


Round Up:


The post Tor Vibrations | TechSNAP 190 first appeared on Jupiter Broadcasting.

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Project Zero Goes To War | TechSNAP 177 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/65572/project-zero-goes-to-war-techsnap-177/ Thu, 28 Aug 2014 19:01:59 +0000 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/?p=65572 Pre-crime is here, with technology that lets you predicting a hack before it happens. We’ll tell you how. Google’s project zero goes to war, we get real about virtualization. And then its a great batch of your questions, our answers & much more! Thanks to: Direct Download: HD Video | Mobile Video | MP3 Audio […]

The post Project Zero Goes To War | TechSNAP 177 first appeared on Jupiter Broadcasting.

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Pre-crime is here, with technology that lets you predicting a hack before it happens. We’ll tell you how. Google’s project zero goes to war, we get real about virtualization.

And then its a great batch of your questions, our answers & much more!

Thanks to:


DigitalOcean


Ting


iXsystems

Direct Download:

HD Video | Mobile Video | MP3 Audio | Ogg Audio | YouTube | HD Torrent | Mobile Torrent

RSS Feeds:

HD Video Feed | Mobile Video Feed | MP3 Audio Feed | Ogg Audio Feed | iTunes Feeds | Torrent Feed

Become a supporter on Patreon:

Foo

— Show Notes: —

Predicting which sites will get hacked, before it happens

  • Researchers from Carnegie Mellon University have developed a tool that can help predict if a website is likely to become compromised or malicious in the future
  • Using the Archive.org “Wayback Machine” they looked at websites before they were hacked, and tried to identify trends and other information that may be predictors
  • “The classifier correctly predicted 66 percent of future hacks in a one-year period with a false positive rate of 17 percent”
  • “The classifier is focused on Web server malware or, put more simply, the hacking and hijacking of a website that is then used to attack all its visitors”
  • The tool looks at the server software, outdated versions of Apache and PHP can be good indicators of future vulnerabilities
  • It also looks at how the website is laid out, how often it is updated, what applications it runs (outdated wordpress is a good hacking target)
  • It also compares the sites to sites that have been compromised. If a site is very like another, and that other was compromised, there is an increased probability that the first site will also be compromised
  • The classifier looks at many other factors as well: “For instance, if a certain website suddenly sees a change in popularity, it could mean that it became used as part of a [malicious] redirection campaign,”
  • The most common marker for a hackable website: The presence of the ‘generator’ meta tag with a value of ‘Wordpress 3.2.1’ or ‘Wordpress 3.3.1’
  • Research PDF from USENIX
  • There are tools like those from Norse, that analyze network traffic and attempt to detect new 0-day exploits before they are known

Google’s Project Zero exploits the unexploitable bug

  • Well over a month ago Google’s Project Zero reported a bug in glibc, however there was much skepticism about the exploitability of the bug, so it was not fixed
  • However, this week the Google researchers were able to create a working exploit for the bug, including an ASLR bypass for 32bit OSs
  • The blog post details the process the Project Zero team went through to develop the exploit and gain root privileges
  • The blog post also details an interesting (accidental) mitigation found in Ubuntu, they caused the researchers to target Fedora to more easily develop the exploit
  • The blog also discusses a workaround for other issues they ran into. Once they had exploited the set-uid binary, they found that running: system(“/bin/bash”) started the shell with their original privileges, rather than as root. Instead, they called chroot() on a directory they had setup to contain their own /bin/sh that calls setuid(0) and then executes a real shell as the system root user.
  • The path they used to get a root shell relies on a memory leak in the setuid binary pkexec, which they recommend be fixed as well as the original glibc bug
  • “The ability to lower ASLR strength by running setuid binaries with carefully chosen ulimits is unwanted behavior. Ideally, setuid programs would not be subject to attacker-chosen ulimit values”
  • “The exploit would have been complicated significantly if the malloc main linked listed hardening was also applied to the secondary linked list for large chunks”
  • The glibc bug has since been fixed

Secret Service warns over 1000 businesses hit by Backoff Point-of-Sales terminal malware

  • The Secret Service and DHS have released an advisory warning businesses about the POS (Point-of-Sales terminal) malware that has been going around for a while
  • Advisory
  • “The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) encourages organizations, regardless of size, to proactively check for possible Point of Sale (PoS) malware infections. One particular family of malware, which was detected in October 2013 and was not recognized by antivirus software solutions until August 2014, has likely infected many victims who are unaware that they have been compromised”
  • “Seven PoS system providers/vendors have confirmed that they have had multiple clients affected“
  • “Backoff has experts concerned because it’s effective in swiping customer credit card data from businesses using a variety of exfiltration tools, including memory, or RAM scraping, techniques, keyloggers and injections into running processes”
  • “A report from US-CERT said attackers use Backoff to steal payment card information once they’ve breached a remote desktop or administration application, especially ones that are using weak or default credentials”
  • “Backoff is then installed on a point-of-sale device and injects code into the explorer.exe process that scrapes memory from running processes in order to steal credit card numbers before they’re encrypted on the device and sent to a payment processor. “
  • “Keylogging functionality is also present in most recent variants of ‘Backoff’. Additionally, the malware has a C2 component that is responsible for uploading discovered data, updating the malware, downloading/executing further malware, and uninstalling the malware,”
  • US-CERT Advisory
  • Krebs reports that Dairy Queen may also be a victim of this attack
  • “Dairy Queen says it has no indication of a card breach at any of its thousands of locations, but the company also acknowledges that nearly all stores are franchises and that there is no established company process or requirement that franchisees communicate security issues or card breaches to Dairy Queen headquarters”

Feedback:


Round Up:

The post Project Zero Goes To War | TechSNAP 177 first appeared on Jupiter Broadcasting.

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LXQt the Xfce Killer? | LAS 312 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/57112/lxqt-the-xfce-killer-las-312/ Sun, 11 May 2014 13:56:14 +0000 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/?p=57112 The first big release of LXQt is out, and we give it our first look. Where does this minimal desktop fit? And is it taking a direct shot at XFCE’s crown? Plus the community demonstrates their passion to Unreal, FireFox OS news AND do YOU trust Btrfs? All this week on, The Linux Action Show! […]

The post LXQt the Xfce Killer? | LAS 312 first appeared on Jupiter Broadcasting.

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The first big release of LXQt is out, and we give it our first look. Where does this minimal desktop fit? And is it taking a direct shot at XFCE’s crown?

Plus the community demonstrates their passion to Unreal, FireFox OS news AND do YOU trust Btrfs?

All this week on, The Linux Action Show!

Thanks to:


\"DigitalOcean\"


\"Ting\"

Download:

HD Video | Mobile Video | WebM Torrent | MP3 Audio | Ogg Audio | YouTube | HD Torrent

RSS Feeds:

HD Video Feed | Large Video Feed | Mobile Video Feed | MP3 Feed | Ogg Feed | iTunes Feeds | Torrent Feed

— Show Notes: —

LXQt First Look:


\"System76\"

Brought to you by: System76

Stefan Wrote in: LXQt, the next Generation???

It has been almost a year since the Razor-qt project and the LXDE-Qt
project decided to merge. Since then, the LXQt desktop has been under
active development by 13 developers and dozens of contributors and
translators.

Aaron Seigo wrote

[with LXQt focus on low system requirements KDE is] able to focus on Plasma as a full-featured, multi-device offering, it shows how collaboration can bring great rewards. How much more exciting than Yet Another Fork with little to no chance of long term survival!”

  • LXDE, Razor-Qt merge to create awesome LXQt project | Muktware

  • The inclusion of PCManFM-Qt, the Qt port of LXDE\’s desktop and file manager

  • An all-new modular architecture, allowing users and maintainers to
    easily swap out components of the desktop for third party apps.

  • Ongoing work on Qt 5 compatibility. Most of our components already
    build on Qt 5!

  • Ongoing work on Wayland support. Some components, including
    PCManFM-Qt, can run on Wayland if QtWayland is available.

  • Several performance improvements

  • Experimental Raspberry Pi support

  • Partial FreeBSD support

Some Numbers About LXQt for Those Who Are Curious | LXDE Blog

Test environment is the latest Debian stable installed in VirtualBox with 512 MB of RAM and 1 CPU core assigned. After cold boot, the memory usage is as follows.

  • Plain Openbox only: 58 MB
  • XFCE: 89 MB (with default configuration of Debian)
  • LXDE (gtk+ 2 version): 78 MB (add 20 MB to openbox)
  • LXQt: 95 MB (add 37 MB to openbox)

Next-Gen Linux Desktop \’LXQt\’ Available to Test on Ubuntu Through PPA

Bright Future:

Jerome Leclanche writes

“The KDE Project has, in their efforts in building the modular KDE Frameworks, opened new doors for Qt developers working with desktop libraries. KF5 libraries may soon power some LXQt components!

Though it’s not a GTK Holy War

It does not really matter for users what toolkit you’re using given the final result works. Let’s save some time not arguing which is better and focus on what we can do with them. 🙂

The released image, that is only available for 64-bit for now is a snapshot of Debian unstable, that also goes by the name of Sid, from 2014-05-08. They are enhanced with the lightweight LXQt desktop environment, some useful packages and scripts, our own installer and a custom patched version of the linux-kernel 3.14-3, accompanied by X-Server 1.15.1.


— Picks —

Runs Linux

Flying 3D printer, Runs Linux

Desktop App Pick

Atom

Atom is an open source \”hackable text editor for the 21st Century\” developed by GitHub, which is currently in beta.

Today, we\’re excited to announce that we are open-sourcing Atom under the
MIT License.

Weekly Spotlight

KaOS | A lean KDE Distribution

KaOS is a build from scratch distribution, every package in every repository is build by and for KaOS. By July 2013 the initial goal of about 1500 packages was reached.


— NEWS —

New Unreal Tournament Game Will Be Available For Linux, Free

It also goes to show how they also believe in Linux to release their engine and new flagship game on Linux.

They want to involve the community in it as much as possible and see what people want from it. They have asked you to go to their forum and let rip on what you want.

Speaking on cost they said it themselves that it will be free. It\’s not \”free 2 play\”, it\’s just 100% free (and no I don\’t mean open-source). That\’s absolutely crazy to have a game as high calibre as Unreal Tournament being free.

They mentioned they will start with Deathmatch and that the game has only started today, so it\’s a long way off.

From the very first line of code, the very first art created and design decision made, development will happen in the open, as a collaboration between Epic, UT fans and UE4 developers. We\’ll be using forums for discussion, and Twitch streams for regular updates.

Development will be focused on Windows, Mac and Linux.

GNOME Wayland Is Approved For Fedora 21

The Wayland change for Fedora 21 is about better supporting GNOME Wayland sessions. Fedora 20 already brought experimental GNOME Shell Wayland support while Fedora 21 is building upon more polished support thanks to upstream improvements landing with GNOME 3.14 due out in September.

It\’s not for sure yet that a Wayland-based environment would replace the X.Org Server by default for Fedora 21, but at least the support will be in good standing.

In time for Fedora 21 will also be X.Org Server 1.16 which integrates basic XWayland support for running X11 applications atop Wayland without requiring separate X.Org patches.

XBMC 13.0 Gotham Released

  • Linux: XBMC now cooperates nicely with the pulseaudio server and provides real pulseaudio support;
    • Linux: Improved VAAPI and VDPAU support;
    • Linux: added VA-API (libva) support for decoding videos with larger resolutions than 1080p (such as 4K resolution);

ZTE Starts Sales of Open C Firefox OS Phone on eBay

ZTE announced today that sales of the ZTE Open C Firefox OS phone have started on eBay. Targeted at first time smartphone users and early adopters wanting to try out Firefox OS, the Open C offers a 3MP camera and 4-inch WVGA screen, and is the first commercially available phone running the latest version of Firefox OS.

The ZTE Open C boasts:

  • 4-inch 800 x 480 touchscreen display
  • A dual-core 1.2 GHz CPU
  • 512 MB of RAM
  • 3-megapixel camera
  • 4 GB of on board storage

— Feedback —

— Chris\’ Stash —

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irc.geekshed.net #jupiterbroadcasting

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The post LXQt the Xfce Killer? | LAS 312 first appeared on Jupiter Broadcasting.

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Random Access Fires | TechSNAP 126 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/42497/random-access-fires-techsnap-126/ Thu, 05 Sep 2013 16:24:27 +0000 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/?p=42497 RAM Prices are getting hot, we’ll tell you why. Plus the router flaw you need to know about, and a pfSense disaster.

The post Random Access Fires | TechSNAP 126 first appeared on Jupiter Broadcasting.

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RAM Prices are getting hot, we’ll tell you why.

Plus the router flaw you need to know about, a pfSense disaster, your questions our answers, and much much more.

On this week’s TechSNAP!

Thanks to:


\"GoDaddy\"


\"Ting\"

Direct Download:

HD Video | Mobile Video | MP3 Audio | Ogg Audio | YouTube | HD Torrent | Mobile Torrent

RSS Feeds:

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— Show Notes: —

Hynix factory in China suffers damage in Fire. RAM prices shoot up

  • The factory in Wuxi, China is responsible for 40 – 50% of Hynix’s output and 12 – 15% of all DRAM manufacturing capacity around the globe
  • The fire started at 07:50 GMT and was extinguished at 09:20 GMT
  • The fire apparently started while Hynix was installing some new equipment
  • There was only one minor injury during the file
  • Hynix has suspended operations at the plant while it evaluates the damage and makes repairs
  • “Following news of the shutdown all memory suppliers have apparently stopped quoting prices”
  • Reuters followup article
  • Hynix reports that the damage is not as bad as initially reported, the huge plumes of black smoke were caused by the fact that the fire was in the air purification system
  • Shares in Hynix’s competitors rose sharply, but then slackened off once it was reported that the damage was not severe. Micron shares were up 4 percent to $14.615 at midday Thursday, after surging almost 9 percent at one point. Sandisk was up 2.3 percent at $56.60, after climbing 6 percent at its peak.
  • Samsung had 32.7 percent of the global DRAM market in the second quarter, Hynix 30 percent and Micron owned 12.9 percent
  • Hynix has published a statement: \”Currently, there is no material damage to the fab equipment in the clean room, thus we expect to resume operations in a short time period so that overall production and supply volume would not be materially affected\”
  • DRAM chip prices nearly doubled in the first six months of this year due to tight supply during the summer, prices had been starting to return to normal but this event will undoubtedly keep them inflated for some time to come

Amazon looking to hire 100 IT staff who can get Top Secret security clearance to work on CIA private cloud

  • After IBM won a lawsuit to restart the bidding to decide who would build the CIA’s private cloud, Amazon has started a new recruiting drive
  • The job openings include: software developers, operations managers and cloud support engineers, among others
  • Candidates must meet all requirements to get a Top Secret security clearance, including passing a federally administered polygraph exam
  • “Amazon\’s hiring effort includes an invitation-only recruiting event for systems support engineers at its Herndon, Va., facility on Sept. 24 and 25. “
  • In filings, Amazon is claiming that it is uniquely qualified to deliver ‘cloud computing’, while analysts have responded by saying that Cloud computing \”simply describes one approach to data center asset provisioning, one that has been around and been practiced by vendors including IBM for many years\”
  • The government originally accepted Amazon’s bid at $148 million over the IBM bid at $93 million
  • Part of the problem was the way the government wrote the original RFP
  • “The vendors were required to address hypothetical scenarios. In one instance, it involved the processing of 100 terabytes of data. But the scenario was ambiguous, and the vendors priced it in different ways, making it impossible to compare prices”
  • Analysts also said that the CIA \”too casually brush off Amazon\’s outages\” when considering their bid
  • Amazon\’s effort to get government cloud work includes being certified by the U.S. under its Federal Risk and Authorization Program, or FEDRAMP.

Kingcope finds vulnerabilities in Mikrotik routerOS sshd

  • Mikrotik RouterOS uses ROSSSH rather than OpenSSH
  • Kingcope found that ROSSSH is vulnerable to a remote pre-authentication heap corruption
  • ShodanHQ shows that there are nearly 300,000 devices running ROSSSH
  • There is an undocumented built-in user account, you can login as ‘devel’ using the admin password, if the file /etc/devel-login exists
  • By sending a login name consisting of the letter A 100,000 times, you can crash the ssh daemon
  • Exploitation of this vulnerability will allow full access to the router device

Feedback:

Round up:

The post Random Access Fires | TechSNAP 126 first appeared on Jupiter Broadcasting.

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The Javascript Problem | CR 18 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/25741/the-javascript-problem-cr-18/ Mon, 08 Oct 2012 11:34:16 +0000 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/?p=25741 Mike and Chris take a walk down a dangerous and controversial road -- the state of Javascript in modern web development.

The post The Javascript Problem | CR 18 first appeared on Jupiter Broadcasting.

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Mike and Chris take a walk down a dangerous and controversial road — the state of Javascript in modern web development.

Plus a frank look at TypeScript, blaming developers, your emails, and much more.

Direct Download:

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Show Notes:

Feedback

  • Jay wants to know how the Android update cycle and the device manufacturers’ different versions of Android affect developers.
  • Carlo’s email
  • Isak asks what we think about Typescript
  • Charles writes in with some more info on Haskell
  • Matt shares an interesting article about Adobe
  • Matt (diff Matt?) is working on an iOS app that will have a server backend component and is wondering how to make a profit on the app — given the hosting costs over time.

This Week’s Dev World Hoopla

The Language Itself

  • No classical inheritance.
  • Too loose

Developers

  • Too stupid / lazy??
  • Too sloppy??

Tool of the Week

Book of the Week

The post The Javascript Problem | CR 18 first appeared on Jupiter Broadcasting.

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Chocolate & Black Holes | SciByte 65 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/25436/chocolate-black-holes-scibyte-65/ Tue, 02 Oct 2012 22:14:39 +0000 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/?p=25436 We take a look at a scientific excuse to eat chocolate, measuring a black hole, a possible new element, comet's, updates on Google Maps, and more!

The post Chocolate & Black Holes | SciByte 65 first appeared on Jupiter Broadcasting.

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We take a look at a scientific excuse to eat chocolate, shifting plate tectonics, measuring a black hole, a possible new element, comet’s, statue’s, updates on Google Maps, crowdsourcing science, spacecraft and Curiosity updates, and as always take a peek back into history and up in the sky this week.

Direct Download:

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Support the Show:

[asa]080508858X[/asa]


   

Chocolate and Memory

  • A recent study shows that chocolate might help increase your memory
  • The low down
  • “Superfood” is an unscientific term sometimes used to describe food with high nutrient or phytochemical content that may confer health benefits, with few properties considered to be negative
  • Some places even say that dark chocolate can have beneficial effects
  • However scientific studies on these claims are fairly sparse
  • A University of Calgary undergraduate became curious about how dietary factors might affect memory
  • Despite his misgivings he decided to concentrate on a group of compounds, flavonoids that found in a wide range of ‘superfoods’ including chocolate and green tea, focusing on one particular flavonoid, epicatechin (epi).
  • Significance
  • Figuring out how a single component of chocolate might improve human memory is almost impossible as there are too many external factors influence memory formation
  • Instead the team used the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis, to find out whether the dark chocolate flavonoid, epicatechin (epi) could improve their memories
  • To test their memory the snails were trained to remember a simple activity: to keep their breathing tubes (pneumostomes) closed when immersed in deoxygenated water
  • Pond snails usually breathe through their skins, but when oxygen levels fall, they extend the breathing tube above the surface to supplement the oxygen supply
  • The test snails were trained to remember to keep the breathing tube closed in deoxygenated water by gently tapping when they try to open
  • The strength of the memory depends on the training regime.
  • Of Note
  • A half-hour training session in deoxygenated water allows the snails to form intermediate-term memories (lasting less than 3 h) but not long-term memories (lasting 24 h or more)
  • When the snails received the dark chocolate flavonoid they were able to remember to keep their breathing tubes closed
  • And when they provided the snails with two training sessions, the animals were able to remember to keep their breathing tubes shut more than 3 days later
  • The flavonoid was able to boost the molluscs’ memories and extended the duration, but how strong were the epi-memories
  • Memories can be overwritten by another memory in a process called extinction, where the original memory is not forgotten and if the additional memory is stored weakly it can be lost and the original memory restored
  • To test this the researchers tried to replace it with a memory where the snails could open their breathing tubes
  • Instead of learning the new memory, the epi-trained snails stubbornly kept their breathing tubes shut.
  • The memory was too strong to be extinguished.
  • They also found that instead of requiring a sensory organ to consolidate the snails’ memories, like their memories of predators triggered by smell, it directly affects the neurons that store the memory
  • The fact that the cognitive effects of half a bar of dark chocolate could even help your grades is good news for chocoholics the world over.
  • Further Reading / In the News
  • Chocolate makes snails smarter | Phys.org
  • How to improve snail memories with chocolate | ScientificAmerican

— NEWS BYTE —

Plate Tectonics

  • Indo-Australian plate is breaking into two or perhaps three pieces because it is colliding with Asia in the northwest, which slows down the western part of the plate, while the eastern part of the plate continues moving more easily by diving or “subducting” under the island of Sumatra to the northeast in a geologic process that will take millions of years to form a new plate boundary, and will likely take thousands of similar large quakes for that to happen
  • The low down
  • The great Indian Ocean quake of April 11, 2012 previously was reported as 8.6 magnitude, has a new estimate that means the quake was 40 percent larger than had been believed
  • Studies show that tectonic plates continued to resonate around the globe, triggering big aftershocks as far away as Mexico
  • The first quake disturbed four perpendicular faults one after another in less than two minutes, all four faults were strike-slip faults well below magnitude 5
  • The first one ruptured along a roughly 90-mile length, where the seafloor on one side of the fault slipped about 100 feet past the seafloor on the fault’s other side
  • The second fault, which slipped about 25 feet, began to rupture 40 seconds after and extended an estimated 60 miles to 120 miles north-northeast to S-SW perpendicular to the first fault and crossing it
  • The third fault was parallel to the first fault and about 90 to the miles southwest which started breaking 70 seconds after the quake began along a length of about 90 miles
  • The fourth fault paralleled the first and third faults and began to rupture 145 seconds after the quake began, the rupture was roughly 30 miles to 60 miles long and the fault slipped about 20 feet past ground on the other side
  • Significance
  • The number of quakes of magnitude 5.5 or greater, located more than 1,500 kilometers from the April 11 quakes, went up nearly fivefold for six days afterward
  • The biggest of which was a magnitude 7 in Baja California, about 22 hours afterward
  • The strike-slip fault geometry allows the stress of a crustal movement to propagate much farther across the planet’s surface
  • Of Note
  • According to prevailing theories of plate tectonics, the Indo-Australian plate began to deform internally about 10 million years ago, thrusting the Himalayas up and slowing India down, creating twisting tensions
  • This theory comes from the stress changes shortly before the 2012 earthquakes
  • The great quake of last April 11 "is possibly the largest strike-slip earthquake ever seismically recorded although a similar size quake in Tibet in 1950 was of an unknown type
  • Further Reading / In the News
  • Intraplate Quakes Signal Tectonic Breakup | ScienceNews.org
  • Unusual Indian Ocean Earthquakes Hit at Tectonic Breakup | Scientific American
  • Sumatra quake was part of crustal plate breakup: Study shows huge jolt measured 8.7, ripped at least 4 faults | Phys.org

Black Hole Size

  • An international team, has for the first time measured the radius of a black hole at the center of the distant M87 galaxy, the closest distance at which matter can approach before being irretrievably pulled into the black hole.
  • The low down
  • Not everything can cross the event horizon to squeeze into a black hole
  • The area in which gas and dust build up, creates a flat pancake of matter known as an accretion disk
  • This disk orbits the black hole at nearly the speed of light, feeding the black hole a steady diet of superheated material
  • Over time, this disk can cause the black hole to spin in the same direction as the orbiting material
  • Caught up in this spiraling flow are magnetic fields, which accelerate hot material along powerful beams above the accretion disk
  • The resulting high-speed jet, launched by the black hole and the disk, shoots out across the galaxy, extending for hundreds of thousands of light-years
  • Because M87’s jet is magnetically launched from this smallest orbit, astronomers can estimate the black hole’s spin through careful measurement of the jet’s size as it leaves the black hole
  • Significance
  • Until now, no telescope has had the magnifying power required for this kind of observation
  • The “Event Horizon Telescope” enables scientists to view extremely precise details in faraway galaxies.
  • Astronomers linked together radio dishes in Hawaii, Arizona and California to create a telescope array called the “Event Horizon Telescope” (EHT) that can see details 2,000 times finer than what’s visible to the Hubble Space Telescope.
  • The “Event Horizon Telescope” uses a type of astronomical interferometry used in radio astronomy called Very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI)
  • VLBI observations are made simultaneously by many telescopes to be combined, which then synthesizes a telescope with a size equal to the maximum separation between the telescopes
  • Each observation is correlated to a local atomic clock to be combined and analyzed later
  • Using this technique the team measured the innermost orbit of the accretion disk to be only 5.5 times the size of the black hole event horizon
  • According to the laws of physics, this size suggests that the accretion disk is spinning in the same direction as the black hole
  • Of Note
  • This is the first direct observation to confirm theories of how black holes power jets from the centers of galaxies
  • The team plans to expand its telescope array, adding radio dishes in Chile, Europe, Mexico, Greenland and Antarctica, in order to obtain even more detailed pictures of black holes in the future.
  • Further Reading / In the News
  • Event Horizon Telescope
  • For the first time, astronomers have measured the radius of a black hole | Phys.org

— TWO-BYTE NEWS —

Element 113

  • Japanese researchers claim they’ve seen conclusive evidence of the long-sought element 113, a super-heavy, super-unstable element near the bottom of the periodic table
  • The low down
  • Super-heavy elements do not occur in nature and must be produced in the lab, using particle accelerators, nuclear reactors, ion separators and other complex equipment
  • Science have been hunting for element 113 for nine years, and there has been evidence a few times already, but it has never been this clear,
  • Super heavy element discoveries
  • Elements 93 to 103 were discovered by the Americans
  • Elements 104 to 106 by the Russians and the Americans
  • Elements 107 to 112 by the Germans
  • The two most recently named elements, 114 and 116, by cooperative work of the Russians and Americans.
  • *August 12 experimental data
  • Japanese scientists created element 113 by speeding zinc ions through a linear accelerator until they reached 10 percent of the speed of light.
  • The ions then smashed into a thin bismuth layer, when the zinc and bismuth atoms fused, they produced a very heavy ion followed by a chain of six consecutive alpha decays identified as products of an isotope of the 113th element
  • Of Note
  • The discovery has not yet verified by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
  • If the IUPAC grants its blessing, the researchers could be the first team from Asia to name one of nature’s fundamental atoms.
  • Further Reading / In the News
  • Search for element 113 concluded at last | Phys.org
  • Japanese Team Claims Discovery Of Elusive Element 113, And May Get To Name It | Popular Science

DyslexicFonts.com

  • DyslexicFonts.com
  • For some people with dyslexia a bottom-heavy font helps, There is a new free app for that, try it on iPhone, Android, Kindle …
  • Mars_Base / Heather @JB_Mars_Base

Comet ISON, 2013

  • The low down
  • Is due to shine in the sky next March, perhaps rivalling the fondly-remembered Comet Hale Bopp from 1996
  • Initial calculations of its orbit show it will pass ridiculously close to the Sun next November
  • Although it looks promising, very promising in fact, it’s very early days.
  • We will need more observations before we know exactly what’s in store, and it is impossible to predict this far ahead what it will look like
  • Of Note
  • It could live up to the most breathless predictions and blaze in the sky, tail spanning half the sky, becoming visible as soon as the Sun has set
  • Or it could break up passing the sun and develop no tail
  • Further Reading / In the News
  • Guest Post: Comet Kerfuffle | UniverseToday.com
  • Newfound Comet C/2012 S1 May Dazzle in 2013 | Space.com

Statues from space

  • A 1,000 year-old ancient Buddhist statue which was first recovered in 1938 has been analysed by scientists and has been found to be carved from a meteorite
  • The low down
  • The statue, known as the Iron Man, weighs 22lb [10kg] and is believed to represent a stylistic hybrid between the Buddhist and pre-Buddhist Bon culture
  • It was discovered in 1938 by an expedition of German scientists
  • It is unknown how the statue was discovered however it is believed that the large swastika carved into the centre of the figure may have encouraged the team to take it back to Germany
  • It only became available for study following an auction in 2007.
  • At that time the first team was able to study the origins of the statue
  • The team was able to classify it as an ataxite, a rare class of iron meteorite with high contents of nickel.
  • Of Note
  • It is thought that the statue was chiseled from a fragment of the Chinga meteorite which crashed into the border areas between Mongolia and Siberia about 15,000 years ago
  • The fragment that the statue was carved out of is believed to have been collected many centuries before
  • The first debris from that meteorite crash was officially discovered in 1913 by gold prospectors
  • Further Reading / In the News
  • Buddhist statue, discovered by Nazi expedition, is made of meteorite, new study reveals | Phys.org

— Updates —

Crowdsourcing Cyclone’s

  • Cyclone Center
  • The global intensity record contains uncertainties caused by differences in analysis procedures around the world and through time. Scientists are enlisting the public because patterns in storm imagery are best recognized by the human eye
  • *Further Information
  • Cyclone Center
  • ZooNiverse

Google Maps – Great Barrier Reef

– SPACECRAFT UPDATE –

NASA’s Dawn spacecraft and the asteroid Vesta

  • New analysis supports the notion troughs seen Vesta are faults that formed when a fellow asteroid smacked into Vesta’s south pole. The research reinforces the claim that Vesta has a layered interior, a quality normally reserved for larger bodies, such as planets and large moons.
  • The low down
  • New measurements taken by NASA’s Dawn spacecraft last year indicate that a large collision could have created the asteroid’s troughs
  • Previous research has found signs of igneous rock on Vesta, indicating that rock on Vesta’s surface was once molten, a sign of differentiation
  • If the troughs are made possible by differentiation, then the cracks aren’t just troughs
  • The troughs could be possible if the asteroid is differentiated, meaning that it has a core, mantle and crust
  • The longest of those troughs, named Divalia Fossa, surpasses the size of the Grand Canyon by spanning 465 kilometers (289 miles) long, 22 km (13.6 mi) wide and 5 km (3 mi) deep
  • Such information would indicate that Vesta was a planet trying to form
  • Significance
  • Observations indicate that Vesta is also unusually planet-like for an asteroid in that its mantle is ductile and can stretch under a lot of pressure
  • Unlike the larger asteroid Ceres, Vesta is not classified as a dwarf planet because the large collision at its south pole knocked it out of its spherical shape
  • However if Vesta has a mantle and core, that would mean it has qualities often reserved for planets, dwarf planets and moons—regardless of its shape
  • Of Note
  • Scientists are not yet fully convinced that Vesta’s troughs are graben however
  • There are other qualities of Vesta that could be clues to how the troughs formed
  • The pole collision may caused the equator to bulge outward so far and so fast that the rotation, once per 5.35 hours, caused the troughs rather than the direct power of the impact
  • Dawn has already left to explore Ceres, so scientists will continue to analyze the data already collected and improve computer simulations of Vesta’s interior
  • Multimedia
  • YouTube Dawn’s Greatest Hits at Vesta | JPLnews
  • Further Reading / In the News
  • Vesta’s Deep Grooves Could Be “Stretch Marks” From Impact | UniverseToday.com
  • Asteroid’s troughs suggest stunted planet | Phys.org

– CURIOSITY UPDATE –

  • Longest drive
  • On Sep 26 (Sol 50) Curiosity rolled about 160 ft [48.9 m] making it the longest drive in day for the mission so far
  • The rover has now drive roughly a quarter mile [416 m] during the course of the mission so far
  • Photo of Phobos
  • On September 21 Curiosity’s right Mastcam was able to take a daytime view of the Martian sky and see a crescent Phobos
  • There have been pictures of Phobos before, most recently during the transit on September 13
  • This is the first time that the 8 mi [13 km] wide Phobos has been seen during the day
  • Ancient River
  • Scientists have now seen for the first time evidence of water-transported gravel on Mars
  • The site is between the north rim of Gale Crater and the base of Mount Sharp, a mountain inside the crater
  • A channel named Peace Vallis originates in the rim of a nearby crater and feeds into the alluvial fan where Curiosity is now
  • The number of channels in the fan between the rim and conglomerate suggests flows continued or repeated over a long time, not just once or for a few years.
  • The discovery comes from examining two outcrops, called “Hottah” and “Link,” with the telephoto capability of Curiosity’s mast camera
  • The first outcrop, “Link,” exposed by thruster exhaust as Curiosity touched down
  • The latest outcrop, ‘Hottah,’ looks like someone jackhammered up a slab of city sidewalk, but it’s really a tilted block of an ancient streambed
  • It appears similar to another outcrop seen at the landing site that was exposed by the exhaust thruster
  • The gravel in the conglomerates at both outcrops range in size from a grain of sand to a golf ball. Some are angular, but many are rounded
  • From the size and shape of the gravel scientists are able to interpret that the water was roughly ankle to hip deep and moved at about 3 ft/s [1 m/s]
  • The rounded shape of some stones in the conglomerate indicates long-distance transport from above the rim
  • Multimedia
  • YouTube Curiosity Rover Report (Sept. 28, 2012) Mars Streambed | JPLNews
  • Image Galleries at JPL and Curiosity Mulimedia
  • Social Media
  • Curiosity Rover @MarsCuriosity
  • Further Reading / In the News
  • NASA Rover Finds Old Streambed On Martian Surface | Mars.JPL.NASA.gov
  • Longest Drive Yet | Mars.JPL.NASA.gov
  • NASA Rover Finds Old Streambed on Martian Surface | NASA.gov
  • Curiosity Finds Evidence of An Ancient Streambed on Mars | UniverseToday.com
  • A Crescent Moon in the Martian Sky | UniverseToday.com

SCIENCE CALENDAR

Looking back

  • Oct 04, 1957 : 55 years ago : Sputnik : The Space Age began as the Soviet Union, to the dismay of the United States, launched Sputnik, the first manmade satellite, into orbit around the earth. The craft circled the earth every 95 minutes at almost 20,000 miles per hour 500 miles above the Earth. The Sputnik (meaning “companion” or “fellow traveller”) was launched from Kazakhstan. It stayed in orbit for about three months. Sputnik fell from the sky on 4 Jan 1958. The 184-lb satellite had transmitted a radio signal picked up around the world, and instrumentation for temperature measurement.

Looking up this week

The post Chocolate & Black Holes | SciByte 65 first appeared on Jupiter Broadcasting.

]]> Brains & Light | SciByte 21 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/13951/brains-light-scibyte-21/ Tue, 15 Nov 2011 21:51:47 +0000 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/?p=13951 We take a look at memory, flexible brain implant, supernova's, light absorption, a new space station crew, the latest news on Russia's Phobos-Grunt mission!

The post Brains & Light | SciByte 21 first appeared on Jupiter Broadcasting.

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Hello everyone and welcome back to SciByte!

We take a look at memory, flexible brain implant, supernova’s, light absorption, a new space station crew, the latest news on Russia’s Phobos-Grunt mission and take another peek back into history and up in the sky this week.

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Grab a book to support the show, this week’s pick:

Star Wars: The Old Republic: Revan

   

Show Notes:

SciByte 20 Correction

  • One letter can make a world of difference …
  • Today’s power plants use fission to generate heat and do useful work. The creation of the first man-made fission reactor, known as Chicago Pile–1, achieved criticality on December 2, 1942. Fusion differs from the fission reactions used in current nuclear power plants for it occurs when light nuclei travelling at high speed combine, without radioactive waste as a byproduct.

Feedback

  • What’s the deal with Ceres?

  • The low down

  • Ceres is also the largest Main Belt asteroid, comprising about a third of the mass of the asteroid belt

  • Discovered on 1 January 1801 by Giuseppe Piazzi, it was the first asteroid to be identified

  • surface is probably a mixture of water ice and various hydrated minerals such as carbonates and clays, and may even harbour an ocean of liquid water under its surface

  • Significance

  • International Astronomical Union (IAU) gathered at the second General Assembly on August 24, 2006 and voted on an official definition of planet

  • There is now a new category of planets designated as “dwarf planets,” including Pluto, Charon (its moon), and Ceres

  • * Of Note*

  • Ceres was almost the 5th planet, but the definition to planet requires the orbit to be ‘cleared’

  • The 2006 IAU decision that classified Ceres as a dwarf planet never addressed whether it is or is not an asteroid

  • The IAU has never defined the word ‘asteroid’

  • NASA continues to refer to Ceres as an asteroid, saying in a 2011 press announcement that “Dawn will orbit two of the largest asteroids in the Main Belt”,as do various academic textbooks

  • Social Media

  • NASA’s Dawn Mission @NASA_Dawn

  • Further Reading / In the News

  • Ceres: Overview @ NASA.gov

  • Ceres Designated a ‘Dwarf Planet’ @ Dawn Spacecraft

  • Ceres and Pluto: Dwarf Planets as a New Way of Thinking about an Old Solar System @ NASA.gov

  • Dawn Mission: Dawn – Home Page – NASA

  • International Astronomical Union

*— UPDATES — *

Phobos-Grunt Update

*— NEWS BYTE — *

Memory and your brain

  • The low down
  • Scientists have long studied people with memory deficits, but there haven’t been many studies on people with exceptional memories
  • some real-life people can remember every day of their lives in detail
  • Those superrememberers have more bulk in certain parts of their brains, possibly explaining the remarkable ability to recall minutiae from decades ago
  • The reserachers fund 11 people who scored off the charts for autobiographical memory. These people could effortlessly remember, for instance, what they were doing on November 2, 1989, and could also tell you that it was a Thursday
  • Significance
  • Using brain scans, researchers found that people with supermemories had larger brain regions associated with memory, specifically a brain structure called the lentiform nucleus, a cone-shaped mass in the core of the brain, was bigger in people with exceptional memories
  • Brain region involved in such incredible recall has been implicated in obsessive-compulsive disorder
  • OCD and superior memory might have a common architecture in the brain
  • The subjects haven’t been clinically evaluated for OCD, but LePort says that there are some similarities
  • The ability to organize their memories by dates seems to relieve anxiety
  • Though no genetic tests have been performed, some of the volunteers have reported that family members share extraordinary powers of recall
  • The volunteers are now keeping detailed diaries, so that the scientists can test whether particular kinds of memories are better suited to recollection. People might be better at remembering emotional memories, for instance
  • Social Media
  • UC Irvine @UCIrvine
  • Further Reading / In the News
  • Society for Neurosciencce
  • Exceptional memory linked to bulked-up parts of brain @ ScienceNews.com
  • Enlarged Brain Parts Linked to Extraordinary Memory @TopNews.us

Flexible Brain Implant for Seizures

  • The low down
  • The brain contains billions of interconnected neurons that normally transmit electrical pulses
  • During a seizure, these pulses occur in abnormal, synchronized, rapid-fire bursts that can cause convulsions, loss of consciousness and other symptoms
  • Significance
  • Researchers funded by the National Institutes of Health have developed a flexible brain implant that could one day be used to treat epileptic seizures
  • In an animal model, the researchers saw spiral waves of brain activity not previously observed during a seizure
  • Similar waves are known to ripple through cardiac muscle during a type of life-threatening heart rhythm called ventricular fibrillation.
  • Someday, these flexible arrays could be used to pinpoint where seizures start in the brain and perhaps to shut them down
  • A stimulating electrode array might one day be designed to suppress seizure activity, working like a pacemaker for the brain
  • These flexible electrode arrays could significantly expand surgical options for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy
  • the array could be rolled into a tube and delivered into the brain through a small hole rather than by opening the skull
  • * Of Note*
  • The implant is a type of electrode array that conforms to the brain’s surface – to take an unprecedented look at the brain activity underlying seizures
  • is made of a pliable material that is only about one quarter the thickness of a human hair
  • It contains 720 silicon nanomembrane transistors in a multiplexed 360-channel array, which allow for minimal wiring and dense packing of the electrodes
  • The flexibility of the array allows it to conform to the brain’s complex shape, even reaching into grooves that are inaccessible to conventional arrays
  • The researchers tested the flexible array on cats. Although mice and rats are used for most neuroscience research, cats have larger brains that are anatomically more like the human brain, with simplified folds and grooves
  • Social Media
  • The Society for Neuroscience (SfN) @SfNtweets
  • Penn Medicine Media @PennMedMedia
  • NIH for Health @NIHforHealth
  • Further Reading / In the News
  • Society for NeuroScience
  • Nature Neuroscience
  • National Institutes of Health
  • Ultrathin flexible brain implant offers unique look at seizures @ MedicalXPress.com
  • Flexible Brain Implant Could Treat Epilepsy @ DiscoveryNews.com
  • Brain implant ‘could be used to treat epilepsy’ @ EpilepsyResearch.ork.uk

Did a supernova kick start our solar system?

  • The low down
  • Scientists think the sun and surrounding planets were born from a churning disk of gas and dust, but what precisely caused the stuff to condense and form these bodies has been a mystery
  • New computer simulations support the supernova scenario
  • cold cloud of gas, and set it 15 light-years from an exploding supernova. Stun the cloud with the supernova’s shockwave. Incubate, and watch as the solar system begins to take shape
  • Significance
  • Understanding how the local solar neighborhood grew up is crucial for learning how other planetary systems are born
  • Some clues to the solar systems origin appear in radioactive elements that were injected into and swam around the presolar cloud
  • Today, they are embedded in objects such as asteroids, and are thought to mark the first solid bodies that emerged after the cloud’s collapse
  • aluminum–26, has helped scientists determine that the solar system was born a little more than 4.5 billion years ago
  • All of it appears to have enriched the cloud within roughly 20,000 years, much faster than most simulations can explain
  • The team ruled out solar wind from a nearby star or enrichment occurring from within the cold cloud itself, because the key elements would have been delivered too slowly or in the wrong quantities
  • approached the problem differently, by calculating in three dimensions rather than two, but also concluded that shocking the embryonic solar system would simultaneously trigger the cloud’s collapse and quickly inject the required radioactive elements
  • Social Media
  • Carnegie Institution @carnegiescience
  • Further Reading / In the News
  • Supernova may have kicked off solar system @ Science News
  • Astrophysical Journal
  • Carnegie Institution for Science

Nano shag-carpet absorbs light

  • The low down
  • Black paint only absorbs about 90 percent of the light that hits it
  • in the cold dark of space, black paint takes on a silvery hue
  • other nanomaterials and metamaterials that can absorb nearly all light in some wavelengths
  • these require special fabrication processes to work in whichever wavelength researchers want
  • Significance
  • The new material is made of carbon nanotubes and can be grown on a variety of space-friendly substrates, from silicon to titanium to stainless steel
  • absorbs an average 99 percent of all the ultraviolet, visible, infrared, and far-infrared light that hits it
  • collecting and trapping light inside tiny gaps between the nanotubes, which are arranged in vertical fibrous strands
  • * Of Note*
  • It could also help scientists examine small spots in high-contrast areas, like planets orbiting other stars, and even look at the Earth, where weak light signals of interest to atmospheric scientists are washed out by the atmosphere’s reflectivity
  • Social Media
  • NASA Goddard @NASAGoddard
  • Results for #SPIEDigitalLibrary](https://twitter.com/#!/search?q=%23SPIEDigitalLibrary)
  • Further Reading / In the News
  • New Super-Black Material Absorbs 99 Percent of All Light That Dares to Strike It @PopSci
  • New ‘super-black’ material absorbs light across multiple wavelength bands @ PhysOrg.com
  • NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
  • SPIE Optics and Photonics

An ancient horse of a different color … or spots

  • The low down
  • Previous genetic studies had suggested that horses were either bay or black before domestication, and more elaborate patterns emerged as a result of breeding selection imposed by humans
  • In new study published show that some prehistoric horses really did sport spots
  • Significance
  • A new analysis of DNA from the remains of 31 horses found in Europe and Siberia suggests that prehistoric horses came in bay, black and leopard-spotted at least 16,000 years ago
  • Of the 31 horses studied, 18 were bay, seven were black and six carried genetic variants that produce a leopard spotting pattern
  • Further Reading / In the News
  • Prehistoric horses came in leopard print @ScienceNews.com

A new crew for the Space Station Arrives

  • The low down
  • A Russian rocket successfully lifted off from snowy Central Asia on Nov. 13, carrying a NASA astronaut and two Russian cosmonauts to the International Space Station
  • Despite intense snowfall at the launch site, the winds remained calm, which enabled Russian controllers to proceed with the scheduled liftoff
  • The temperature was about 24 F, roughly 6 inches (15 cm) of snow had accumulated on the ground at launch time and moderate wind gusts partially obscured the view.
  • The spaceflyers are expected to arrive at the space station on Wednesday (Nov. 16) after a two day journey
  • Significance
  • NASA astronaut Dan Burbank and Russian cosmonauts Anton Shkaplerov and Anatoly Ivanishin, they will be joined in December by the next trio to round out Expedition 30
  • Burbank previously visited the space station in 2000 and 2006, on missions aboard the space shuttle Atlantis. This will be his first long-duration stint at the massive orbiting laboratory. Shkaplerov and Ivanishin are both conducting their first spaceflight.
  • The station’s Expedition 29 crew, which currently consists of commander Mike Fossum of NASA, Japanese astronaut Satoshi Furukawa and Russian cosmonaut Sergei Volkov.
  • Commander Fossum and his two crewmates have been living and working aboard the station since June. They are scheduled to return to Earth on Nov. 21. Before his departure, Fossum will hand over command of the station to Burbank, who will lead the station’s new Expedition 30 mission for the duration of his stay
  • * Of Note*
  • The Expedition 30 crew could also be present for the test flights of two robotic commercial vehicle during their stay at the station
  • SpaceX’s Dragon capsule and Orbital Sciences’ Cygnus freighter are tentatively scheduled to carry out demonstration flights of their spacecraft in the new year
  • The three newest station residents will remain at the massive orbiting complex until March 2012
  • Multimedia
  • Launch Video
  • Russian Spacecraft Going to Space Station @YouTube.com
  • Expedition 29 Crew Gets Final Approval for Launch @ YouTube.com
  • Social Media
  • NASA Astronauts @NASA_Astronauts
  • Results for [#SpaceX](https://twitter.com/#%21/search?q=%23SpaceX)
  • Further Reading / In the News
  • New Space Station Crew Launches in Spectacular Snowy Display @ Space.com
  • New Crewmembers to Arrive at Space Station Early Wednesday @ Space.com
  • Soyuz Launches to Station amid Swirling Snowy Spectacular @ UniverseToday
  • SpaceX’s Dragon capsule
  • International Space Station
  • NASA Astronauts

The last 14miles for the Endeavour

  • The low down
  • After travelling over 122 million miles the Space Shuttle Endeavour will make it’s final 14 miles from LAX to the California Science Center
  • the options for moving a nearly six story, 180-thousand pound spacecraft, with a 78-foot wing span are limited
  • The Randy’s Donuts sign was an absolute no, no to touch
  • Further Reading / In the News
  • How to Drive Space Shuttle Endeavour Down the Streets of Los Angeles @UniverseToday.com

SCIENCE CALENDER

Looking back this week

  • Nov 22, 1809 : 202 years ago – The Pen : The first patent was issued in the U.S. for a metallic writing pen was issued to Peregrine Williamson a jeweller of Baltimore, Maryland. Williamson’s pens were made of steel rolled from wire, a sort of steel quill that would never need cutting to sharpen the nib. There are references to steel pens being used in Britain before this patent.
  • Nov 19, 1872 : 139 years ago – Adding Machine : the first U.S. patent for an adding machine capable of printing totals and subtotals, called a “calculating machine,” was issued to E.D. Barbour of Boston, Mass. However, it was not practical. (No. 133,188)
  • Nov 21, 1877 : 134 years ago – Edison’s phonograph : Thomas Edison announced his invention of his “talking machine” – the tin-foil cylinder recorder that preceeded the phonograph. The indented tin foil, however, would survive only a few playings. By the first public showing of a phonograph, which took place in New York City in early Feb 1878, its practical applications had not yet been realized.
  • Nov 19, 1895 : 116 years ago – Paper Pencil : the first U.S. patent for a paper pencil was issued was issued to Fredrick E. Blaisdell of Philadelphia, Pa. (No. 549,952)
  • Nov 17, 1970 : 41 years ago – Mouse Patent : a U.S. patent was issued for the computer mouse – an “X-Y Position Indicator for a Display System” (No. 3541541). The first mouse was a simple hollowed-out wooden block, with a single push button on top. Engelbart had designed this as a tool to select text, move it around, and otherwise manipulate it.
  • Nov 16, 1972 : 39 years ago – Skylab III : Skylab III, carrying a crew of three astronauts, was launched from Cape Canaveral, Fla., on an 84-day mission that remained the longest American space flight for over two decades
  • Nov 20, 1998 : 13 years ago – International Space Station : the first module of the International Space Station was launched on a Russian Proton rocket. It was followed two weeks later by the Unity connecting module from the U.S. The project, initiated by NASA in 1983, also involved Canada, Japan and the 11 members of the European Space Agency. After the Cold War, the Russians had been invited to participate, not merely as an exercise in international cooperation, but also to employ Russian scientists who might have otherwise sold their expertise to renegade countries.

Looking up this week

  • Coronal Mass Ejections

  • It ejected from the sun on Nov 11th

  • Went past Mercury on Nov. 13th was predicted to hit Venus on the 14th. (above left)

  • astronomers around the world have been monitoring a dark filament of magnetism sprawled more than 1,000,000 kilometers across the face of the sun

  • On Nov. 14th the filament snapped and flung a fraction of itself into space and NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory recorded the action (above right)

  • Keep an eye out for …

  • Thursday, Nov 17 : Leonid meteor shower will peak, but will be contending with the last-quarter moon so only a few “shooting stars” will shine through the lunar glow

  • Friday, Nov 14 : Last-quarter Moon (exact at 10:09 a.m. EST). The Moon shines near Mars and Regulus this morning and tomorrow morning

  • Saturday Nov. 19 : Mars is visible to the upper left of the Moon at first light this morning

  • Saturday Nov. 19 : Venus is low in the southwest in the early evening with Mercury below it, although you may need binoculars to see it.

  • Tuesday, Nov 22 : Look to the southeast at first light for Saturn and the star Spica near the crescent Moon. Spica, the brightest star of Virgo, is close to the left of the Moon, with fainter Saturn a little farther to the left of Spica.

  • More on whats in the sky this week

  • Sky&Telescope

  • AstronomyNow

  • SpaceWeather.com

  • HeavensAbove

  • StarDate.org

The post Brains & Light | SciByte 21 first appeared on Jupiter Broadcasting.

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