standard model – Jupiter Broadcasting https://www.jupiterbroadcasting.com Open Source Entertainment, on Demand. Mon, 22 Feb 2016 02:46:51 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=5.5.3 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/cropped-favicon-32x32.png standard model – Jupiter Broadcasting https://www.jupiterbroadcasting.com 32 32 Meteorites & Asteroids | SciByte 82 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/32102/meteorites-asteroids-scibyte-82/ Tue, 19 Feb 2013 22:04:04 +0000 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/?p=32102 We take a look at the Russian Meteorite ‘strike,’ a dark matter announcement, headaches, asteroid flyby, viewer feedback, and more!

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We take a look at the Russian Meteorite ‘strike,’ a dark matter announcement, headaches, asteroid flyby, viewer feedback, an update on CERN, Curiosity news, and as always take a peek back into history and up in the sky this week.

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Show Notes:

2013 Russian Meteorite Strike

— NEWS BYTE —

Dark Matter Announcement Coming

  • Dark Matter
  • The dark matter theory was born 80 years ago when Swiss astrophysicist Fritz Zwicky discovered that there was not enough mass in observable stars or galaxies to allow the force of gravity to hold them together
  • The Standard Model only accounts for only around four or five percent of the stuff in the Universe that we see
  • It could be useful for identifying the stable of particles and forces that regulate our daily life, the Standard Model only tells part of the cosmic story
  • Dark matter, could make up 23 percent, and dark energy, an enigmatic force that appears to drive the expansion of the Universe, could accounts for around 72 or 73 percent
  • Some physics theories suggest that dark matter is made of WIMPS (weakly interacting massive particles), a class of particles that are their own antimatter partner particles
  • When matter and antimatter partners meet, they annihilate each other, so if two WIMPs collided, they would be destroyed, releasing a pair of daughter particles – an electron and its antimatter counterpart, the positron, in the process
  • Although we can not explain gravity, although we know how to measure gravity and exploit it for our needs
  • Announcement Coming Up
  • In about two weeks the first paper of results of the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, a particle collector mounted on the outside of the International Space Station, will be published
  • Researchers have said that the results bear on the mystery of dark matter, that \”It will not be a minor paper\” and that they rewrote the paper 30 times before they were satisfied with it
  • Even with this tease for a \’major announcement\’ scientists still say it represents a \”small step\” in figuring out what dark matter is, and perhaps not the final answer
  • Tracking Cosmic Particles
  • To track these phantom particles, physicists rely on several methods and tools
  • The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) near Geneva, the biggest particle smasher in the world
  • The South Pole Neutrino Observatory, tracks subatomic particles known as neutrinos, which, according to physicists, are created when dark matter passes through the Sun and interacts with protons
  • The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) aboard the International Space Station (ISS), captures gamma rays coming from collisions of dark matter particles.
  • Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer
  • Has the potential to detect the positrons and electrons produced by dark matter annihilations in the Milky Way
  • It was installed on the International Space Station in May 2011, and so far, it has detected 25 billion particle events, including about 8 billion electrons and positrons
  • This will first science paper from this instrument that will report how many of each were found, and what their energies are
  • If the experiment detected an abundance of positrons peaking at a certain energy, that could indicate a detection of dark matter,
  • What it Might Mean for What We Might Find
  • There is a lot of stuff that can mimic dark matter,\”
  • If the experiment detected an abundance of positrons peaking at a certain energy, that could indicate a detection of dark matter,
  • While electrons are abundant in the universe around us, there are fewer known processes that could give rise to positrons
  • The smoking gun signature is a rise and then a dramatic fall\” in the number of positrons with respect to energy
  • The positrons produced by dark matter annihilation would have a very specific energy, depending on the mass of the WIMPs making up dark matter
  • Another telling sign will be the question of whether positrons appear to be coming from one direction in space, or from all around
  • If they\’re from dark matter, scientists expect them to be spread evenly through space, but if they\’re created by some normal astrophysical process, such as a star explosion, then they would originate in a single direction
  • Regardless of whether AMS has found dark matter yet, the scientists said they expected the question of dark matter\’s origin to become clearer soon
  • Further Reading / In the News
  • Has Dark Matter Finally Been Found? Big News Soon | Space.com

— TWO-BYTE NEWS —

Lightning and Headaches

  • The New Study
  • A new study has found a 31 percent increase of the risk of headache and a 28 percent increased risk of migraine for chronic headache sufferers on days that lightning struck within 25 miles (40 kilometers) of their homes
  • In addition new-onset headaches and migraines increased by 24 percent and 23 percent, respectively
  • The Correlation
  • This is the first study to show a correlation between lightning and associated weather phenomena and the squalls in our heads
  • How exactly lightning might trigger headaches is still unknown but there are a number of possible explanations
  • Electromagnetic waves emitted from lightning could trigger headaches
  • Another explanation might be that lightning produces increases in air pollutants like ozone, and can cause release of fungal spores that might lead to migraine
  • Still Unknown
  • This study does show an apparent link between lightning and headaches; however, the exact mechanisms through which lightning and/or its associated meteorologic factors trigger headache is still unknown
  • Multimedia
  • YouTube Lightning = Headaches? | TheWeatherChannel
  • Further Reading / In the News
  • Newsflash: Lightning May Cause Headaches – News Watch | newswatch.nationalgeographic.com

The February 15th Asteroid Fly-By

— VIEWER FEEDBACK —

Earth/Moon Relationship Simulations/Animations

  • Jason Null
  • What kind of program or software has a virtual model of the Earth and Moon
  • Free JAVA Simulators
  • Moon Phase and the Horizon diagram [free-java]
  • Lunar Phase Simulator [free-java]
  • Jonathan H
  • Why do I seem to see the moon in the sky during the day so often?
  • Different components to this
  • Lunar Phase Simulator [free-java]
  • The moon follow the same ‘orbital path’ as the sun, just as different speeds
  • Click [Start Animation] to the bottom left to get a feel for this
  • Higher latitudes have longer days and nights, which also gives the moon longer or fewer hours to be in the sky.
  • If you think about it each time the Moon sets or rises at night it is doing the opposite for someone on the daytime side of the Earth

— Updates —

CERN, the Higgs-Boson, and Upgrades

  • Upgrades
  • Over the past three years, CERN has slammed protons together more than six million billion times
  • Now seven months after the discovery announcement for a Boson, which they are now 99.9 percent certain is the Higgs-Boson, CERN scientists have brought CERN offline for an 18-month upgrade
  • The upgrade will boost the LHC\’s energy capacity, essential for CERN to confirm definitively that its boson is the Higgs, and allow it to probe new dimensions such as supersymmetry and dark matter
  • The Data
  • Scientists still have vasts amount of data to comb through during this downtime,
  • Even with the shutdown, CERN\’s researchers won\’t be taking a breather, as they must trawl through a vast mound of data
  • They expect that they will have much more information about the data from the last three years, and once they are able to go back through the data they will probably have more questions, some of which will lead to more tests under the new upgrades
  • What’s to Come
  • In 2011 the LHC has able to achieve collisions with an energy level of seven teraelectron volts
  • During 2012 CERN was able to increase to eight teraelectron volts
  • When it comes back online in 2015 after the upgrades are completed they will be able to achieve 13-14
  • It is expected that CERN will then run at those conditions for three to four years before more upgrades are installed
  • Social Media
  • CERN @CERN
  • Further Reading / In the News
  • CERN Website
  • After Higgs Boson, scientists prepare for next quantum leap

— SPACECRAFT UPDATE—

Space Station Communication

  • NASA\’s Mission Control center in Houston lost communication with the International Space Station at 9:45 a.m. ET (1445 GMT). [19 Feb 2013]
  • They restored contact with the space station at 12:34 p.m. ET (17:34 GMT),
  • A NASA official said \”Flight controllers were in the process of updating the station’s command and control software and were transitioning from the primary computer to the backup computer to complete the software load when the loss of communication occurred,\”
  • A main data relay system malfunctioned, and the computer that controls the station\’s critical functions switched to a backup
  • \”Mission Control Houston was able to communicate with the crew as the space station flew over Russian ground stations before 11:00 a.m. EST and instructed the crew to connect a backup computer to begin the process of restoring communications,\”
  • This is not the first time Mission Control has lost direct communication with the orbiting science laboratory
  • In 2010, the space station briefly lost communication with the ground when a primary computer failed and the backup had to take over. Communications were out for about one hour before NASA restored the connection
  • Further Reading / In the News
  • NASA Restores Contact with Space Station | Space.com
  • Temporary Comm Loss Interrupts Crew’s Day | NASA.gov

— CURIOSITY UPDATE —

SCIENCE CALENDAR

Looking back

  • February, 20 1962 : 51 years ago : Glenn in orbit : John Glenn piloted the Mercury-Atlas 6 Friendship 7 spacecraft on the first U.S. manned orbital mission. [The first manned orbital flight was Yu. Gagarin on the the Vostok 1 on 12 April 1961]
    Launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, he completed three-orbits around the earth, at a maximum altitude of approx. 162 miles and an orbital velocity of approx. 17,500 mph. He spotted Perth, Australia, when that city\’s residents greeted him by switching on their house lights in unison. A four-cent U.S. stamp was put on sale the same day, making it the first U.S. stamp issued on the day of the event it commemorated. Glenn returned to space 36 years later, making 134 more orbits as a crew member of the space shuttle Discovery (29 Oct – 7 Nov 1998) for investigations on space flight and the aging process.

Looking up this week

The post Meteorites & Asteroids | SciByte 82 first appeared on Jupiter Broadcasting.

]]> “Super-Earths” & Plastic Skin | SciByte 71 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/27401/super-earths-plastic-skin-scibyte-71/ Tue, 13 Nov 2012 21:32:11 +0000 https://original.jupiterbroadcasting.net/?p=27401 We take a look at a possible new “Super-Earths,” simulated skin, airless tires, Viewer Feedback, Curiosity update, and more!

The post “Super-Earths” & Plastic Skin | SciByte 71 first appeared on Jupiter Broadcasting.

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We take a look at a possible new “Super-Earths,” simulated skin, airless tires, Viewer Feedback, Curiosity update, and as always take a peek back into history and up in the sky this week.

Direct Download:

MP3 Download | Ogg Download | Video | YouTube

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MP3 Feed | Ogg Feed | iTunes Feed | Video Feed

Support the Show:

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Annihilation: Star Wars: The Old Republic Audio Book

   

Show Notes:

New “Super-Earth” Exoplanet-Candidate?

  • Last time on SciByte
  • Painful Math & Canadian Rovers | SciByte 70 – Viewer Feedback [Nov 8, 2012]
  • Researchers poring over data from ESO’s HARPS planet-hunting instrument are suggesting that there are likely at least six super-Earth exoplanets one of them appearing to be in the star’s water-friendly “Goldilocks” zone
  • The Telescope
  • HARPS (High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher) on ESO’s La Silla 3.6m telescope is a dedicated exoplanet hunter detect the slight wobble of a star caused by the gravitational tug of orbiting planets
  • The exoplanet system
  • The planet orbits a star about 42 light-years away in the constellation Pictor
  • The system was thought to harbor only three “super-Earth” exoplanets in close orbit but sensitive data-filtering methods revealed the presence of three more
  • The planetary candidate that is farthest-out of these lies in a “sweet spot
  • Detection
  • Scientists detected the new planets from changes in the light of the host star as the planets’ gravity tugged on it.
  • Instead of analyzing all the light from the star the scientists split the light into different wavelengths to pick out the planets’ signals from those
  • This allowed them to be able to look more deeply into the data and detect weaker signals
  • HD 40307 g, a New “Super-Earth”?
  • The star HD 40307, is a perfectly quiet old dwarf star, so there is no reason why such a planet could not sustain an Earth-like climate
  • HD 40307 g is located far enough away from its star to likely not be tidally locked meaning it wouldn’t have one side subject to constant heat and radiation while its other “far side” remains cold and dark
  • The estimated 7-Earth-mass exoplanet receives around 62% of the radiation that Earth gets from the Sun
  • HD 40307 g is still a candidate, more observations are needed to not only confirm its existence but also to find out exactly what kind of planet it may be.
  • More detailed characterization of this candidate however are very unlikely using ground based studies because it is very unlikely to transit the star, and a direct imaging mission seems the most promising way of learning more
  • Of Note
  • Nothing is known yet about the new planet’s physical and geochemical properties
  • Just finding potential Earth-sized worlds in a system like HD 40307′s is a big deal for planetary scientists
  • This system is a good target for a space-based imaging mission, because it is so close to Earth
  • The potential-exoplanet has been added to the Planetary Habitability Laboratory’s Habitable Exoplanets Catalog, now in 4th place of top exoplanets of interest based on similarity to Earth
  • Multimedia
  • HD 40307g super-Earth in habitable zone HD 40307
  • Further Reading / In the News
  • Astronomers find tantalizing hints of a potentially habitable exoplanet | Phys.org
  • Super-Earth joins ranks in life-supporting zone | ScienceNews.com
  • Astronomers Find Tantalizing Hints of a Potentially Habitable Exoplanet | UniverseToday.com
  • Super-Earth Planet: Potentially Habitable Alien World Explained (Infographic) | Space.com

— NEWS BYTE —

Plastic Skin

  • Researchers in California may have designed a synthetic version—a flexible, electrically conductive, self-healing polymer.
  • The low down
  • For a decade science had been working on the production of circuits thin and flexible enough to be attached to skin, like wearable heart rate monitors since silicon, the base material of the electronics industry, is brittle
  • Chemists, meanwhile, have become increasingly interested in “self-healing” polymers
  • Several research groups have produced plastics that can join their cut edges together when scientists heat them, shine a light on them, or even just hold the cut edges together
  • So far all the self-healing polymers demonstrated to date had had very low bulk electrical conductivities and would have been little use in electrical sensors.
  • Significance
  • The researchers detail how they increased the conductivity of a self-healing polymer by incorporating nickel atoms, allowing electrons to “jump” between the metal atoms
  • It is also sensitive to applied forces like pressure and torsion (twisting) because such forces alter the distance between the nickel atoms
  • This would affect the difficulty the electrons have jumping from one to the other and changing the electrical resistance of the polymer
  • To demonstrate the properties after the material had been damaged and healed, the researchers cut the polymer completely through with a scalpel. After pressing the cut edges together gently for 15 seconds, the researchers found the sample went on to retain 98% of its original conductivity and retains this property the course of several cuts
  • Of Note
  • One worry is that with a scalpel you can very precisely cut the material without inducing significant local mechanical deformation around the wound
  • There is some question about failure due to mechanical tension, however, could stretch the material, producing significant scarring and preventing complete self-healing
  • Researchers are working to make the polymer more like human skin flexible and stretchable
  • Further Reading / In the News
  • Self-Healing Plastic ‘Skin’ Points Way to New Prosthetics | news.ScienceMag.org
  • New Skin? A Plastic That Heals Itself, Conducts Electricity, and is Sensitive To Touch | blog.DiscoveryMagazine.org

— TWO-BYTE NEWS —

“The Standard Model” and Supersymmetry

  • The low down
  • An extremely rare particle measurement from the world’s largest atom smasher could cast doubt on a popular theory about the fundamental building blocks of the universe, including dark matter.
  • initial observations correspond so well with the Standard Model predictions isn’t a hopeful sign for what scientists call “new physics,” such as new particles not predicted by the Standard Model.
  • Watch for more information
  • Going to take further analysis on this before commenting any further
  • Further Reading / In the News
  • Rare Particle Find May Cast Doubt on Popular Physics Theory | Space.com

Airless tires

  • A Colorado company sees the future of tires on mountain bikes, and they are puncture-proof and airless
  • The low down
  • The physics behind the ERW is like that of a garage door
  • When an object can be sprung by stretching rubber Scientists call this “Elastic Potential Energy”
  • Significance
  • Even though a garage door weighs several hundred pounds, when it is sprung by the use of springs
  • When you lift it, it only feels like it weighs a few pounds
  • At the center of the ERW is a layer of rubber. Via rods that are adjustable, the rubber is stretched, which stores elastic potential energy in the wheel
  • When the ERW is attached to an object, that object becomes sprung. "Just like a garage door that is sprung
  • The ERW’s inner elastic layer construct, provides the cushioning that air provides in traditional tires.
  • Multimedia
  • YouTube EnergyReturnWheel channel
  • Further Reading / In the News
  • Corporate Site – Britek Tire and Rubber
  • Airless wheels for mountain bikes may ditch patches and pumps | phys.org

– CURIOSITY UPDATE –

SCIENCE CALENDAR

Looking back

  • Nov 16, 1972: 40 years ago : Skylab III : Skylab III, carrying a crew of three astronauts, was launched from Cape Canaveral, Fla., on an 84-day mission that remained the longest American space flight for over two decades (until Norm Thagard broke it aboard Mir in 1995 and Shannon Lucid, Feb 2002-Sep 2003). The Skylab III crew, Gerald P. Carr, William R. Pogue and Edward C. Gibson, maintained their physical condition by walking treadmills and riding an on-board stationary bicycle. Among the thousands of experiments conducted during this flight, the astronauts took four space walks, including one on Christmas Day to observe the comet Kohoutek. After 1214 orbits, the crew returned to Earth, splashing down on 8 Feb 1974.

— VIEWER FEEDBACK / YOU MAY HAVE SEEN —

Looking up this week

— Science is taking Thanksgiving Week off—

  • I’m thankful for
  • SciByte listeners! [aka chat stars of the video version, Science Ninja’s, etc]
  • For all things science, and even non-science
  • Jupiter Broadcasting!

The post “Super-Earths” & Plastic Skin | SciByte 71 first appeared on Jupiter Broadcasting.

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